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| Minimization of Settlements During Tunneling under Songshan Airport |
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| 高宗正、陳俊宏、黃南輝 |
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| 地表沉陷、潛盾隧道、跑道、機場。 |
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| 台北捷運工程內湖線CB420區段標潛盾隧道穿過松山機場主跑道及滑行道下方，由於不得影響機場之正常營運，所以沉陷控制要求極嚴。在掘進過程中，施工廠商採取一系列的措施以控制地表沉陷，並且密集量測地表高程變化，以探討掘進作業的最佳參數。所得監測資料極為豐富，而且資料品質甚佳。為策萬全，捷運工程局也特地成立「諮詢委員會」審查施工廠商的施工計畫、檢視廠商的施工紀錄並且檢討沉陷控制的成效。尤其是與別的工址相較，本基地土質相對均勻，無管線或地面交通之困擾，鄰近也無其他工程施工，提供一絕佳研究環境。資料顯示，地表沉陷與土壤漏失量密切相關，而「體積平衡」是控制地表沉陷的關鍵。 |
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| The shield tunnels of Construction Contract CB420 of Taipei Metro were driven underneath the runway and one of the taxiways of the Taipei Songshan Airport and it was very necessary to reduce potential risks during tunneling so flights would not be interrupted. The Contractor adopted several measures to minimize ground settlements and closely monitored the ground response to tunneling. A vast quantity of data of high quality were obtained for studying the effectiveness of the measures adopted. The Department of Rapid Transit Systems engaged a team of experts to form an Ad Hoc Committee to review the Contractor’s construction plan and the data collected during tunneling. The ground conditions at this site are uniform in comparison with others and the site if free of underground utilities and traffic. This provides an ideal opportunity for studying the ground response to tunneling. It has been found quantitatively that ground settlements are closely related to the imbalance of the materials taken out of the tunnel and the materials put into the tunnel. |
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| Case Study of Settlement Analysis and Monitoring Results by Bored Tunnel Driving Through the Adjacent Abutment of National Freeway No.1 |
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| 廖繼仁、吳文隆、林慶昇 |
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| 潛盾隧道、沉陷分析、監測系統、負摩擦力。 |
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| 本文介紹高雄捷運橘線CO3區段標潛盾隧道施工穿越中山高速公路跨越橋之成功案例，穿越高速公路範圍計有上下行線各50公尺，潛盾隧道深度約在地面下13～19公尺處，二隧道外側距高速公路橋台約7.6公尺，本文探討內容包括其相關分析方法、分析成果與監測計畫，並將案例之實測成果做一探討，期能供爾後類似工程之參考。 |
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| This paper gives a successful case study of shield tunnel, CO3 section Orange line of KRTC, passing through National freeway No. 1. The going and coming shield tunnels, buried at 13~19m beneath ground, are 50m long in each and are around 10m apart from bridge abutment. This paper presents the settlement analysis and monitoring results of the MRT crossing freeway. It is expected that the concepts and suggestions described in this paper would be helpful for the similar engineering cases in the future. |
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| Construction Management and Risk Control of Ground Freezing Method – Case Study of Taipei MRT |
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| 高宗正、林聿群、林坤霖、陳敬賢 |
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| 潛盾隧道、冷凍工法、風險管理、CK570C區段標。 |
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| 潛盾隧道挖掘工法為目前台北都會區大眾捷運系統地下隧道所普遍採用的施工方法，除具有安全、經濟及迅速的特性外，對於施工中交通維持亦較具優勢。然而因都會區人口發展密度逐漸升高，以及捷運路網愈趨綿密，捷運地下段深度加深，潛盾機發進及到達的工作井深度亦愈趨來愈深。除傳統之地盤改良工法以高壓噴射灌漿加強軟弱土壤強度外，因灌漿工法於大深度之不確定性，而必須輔以冷凍工法形成相當厚度之冷凍帷幕以阻絕地下水流，達到「增幅防禦」施工安全的目標。冷凍工法雖為相當安全的工法，但缺乏適當的管理及危機意識，亦可能導致大規模災變，故本文將以順利完工的臺北捷運新莊線CK570C區段標為案例介紹冷凍工法在施工過程中的相關風險管理與探討。 |
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| Shield tunnel is the most popular construction method in Taipei metropolitan area rapid transit systems at this art. The characteristics of MRT are not only safe, economic and speedy but also keeping traffic smoother. However, nowadays, cause of highly-developed urban, the depth of working shaft for shield-tunneling is getting deeper and deeper. Except for traditional ground grouting method, it is necessary to apply the ground freezing method for assisting to prevent the underground water flow and achieve the “Reinforced Defense” goal. Ground freezing method is the most safety method on water stopping, but it will cause large-scale accident in lacking of risk management. The paper will introduce & discuss the procedure of risk management on ground freezing method of Taipei MRT CK570C Lot construction project. |
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| Summary for the Analysis of
The Taipei Mrt Double O Tube Bored Tunnel
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| 朱旭、陳俊宏、林建華、姚賜麟 |
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| 雙圓型(DOT)潛盾隧道，錯縫拼接。 |
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| 本文針對臺灣桃園國際機場聯外捷運系統三重至台北車站段興建計畫首次引進雙圓型(DOT)潛盾隧道工法，介紹雙圓型潛盾隧道之分析過程、使用參數與分析模式。由於雙圓型潛盾隧道之環片型式除原有的圓弧形環片外，尚有稱之為海鷗片之特殊環片與分隔上下行隧道的中柱環片，此三類環片各有其不同的設計考量。雙圓型潛盾隧道分析的特點在於使用梁-彈簧模式做為分析的方法，除設置環片(曲梁元素)及土壤彈簧外，並將環片接頭之直螺栓以旋轉彈簧與剪切彈簧模擬，且合併考量隧道錯縫拼接的效果，使隧道設計最佳化。另外新工法的引進難免需要克服人為及環境所帶來的困難，僅以本文作概略描述期能為台灣潛盾工法開拓新里程碑。 |
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| This document provides information on the working method for the Double O-Tube (DOT) bored tunnel, used for the first time, for the Sanchong to Taipei Main Station section of the Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport Access MRT System Construction Project. It introduces the process and method of analysis, as well as the parameters used, for the DOT bored tunnel design. As the shape of the lining segments of DOT bored tunnels differ from that of original circular segments, special segments are used – including the so-called ‘seagull segment’, as well as a center column segment separating the tunnels’ up and down tracks. Each of these three types of lining segments has different design considerations. The special characteristic of the DOT bored tunnel is the use of the beam-spring model for the method of analysis. Besides setting curve beams for linings and soil springs, the rotational springs and shear springs are used for simulating segment connections to represent staggered effect. Thus the tunnel is optimally designed. Nonetheless, the new method inevitably calls upon the need for mitigation of difficulties arising from the actions of people and the environment. This document is only a summary, but it is hoped that new doors will thus be opened for the next milestone in Taiwan’s tunneling methods. |
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| Construction Risk Management of Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport Access Mrt System Construction Project |
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| 章艾霞、胡庭豪、張文城 |
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| 風險管理、施工風險、高風險工作項目。 |
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| 桃園機場聯外捷運是國家門戶的桃園機場銜接都會區之重要幹線，工程規模龐大且複雜。高架路段行經人口稠密的市區，並跨越中山高速公路；地下路段以潛盾隧道穿越淡水河河床、及機場滑行道及塔台管制區等敏感路段，各路段施工風險均相當高。本工程除以施工管理手段全面掌控外，並透過全面性施工風險管理，以落實「設計－施工風險管理執行延續性」之理念，執行「施工期間高風險工作項目管控機制」，建立「風險管理資訊平台」，並強化「危機處理能力」等策略，達到有效管理本工程之施工風險。本文提供全面性施工風險管理之實務經驗，期盼藉由拋磚引玉喚起工程界能對施工風險管理更加重視，並能將風險管理納入施工管理體系中，以確保工程施工安全。 |
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| Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport Access MRT System is the main line of the transportation from national key portal of Taoyuan Airport to urban areas. The construction of the route, including elevated guideway passing by densely-populated urban district through Taiwan National Highway No. 1 and underground sections underpassing the distinctive sections of Tamsui Riverbed and airport taxiway and control tower area, is huge and complicated; and the construction risks of each section is considerably high. In addition to the method of perfect construction management, the Project is generally controlled by the construction risk management strategies to carry out design concept of〝the continuity to implement construction risk management〞, to implement 〝the control system of high-risk work items during construction stage〞 to build up 〝the database and information platform of risk management〞, and to reinforce〝the crisis handling capability〞 to meet the effective risk management of project construction. The text provides the experiences with actual cases in overall construction management, and it is expected to be paid more attention by engineering societies and to incorporate risk management into construction management system so as to ensure project construction safety. |
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| Study of Design and Construction Method for Shield Machine in Gravel Formation in Taoyuan |
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| 盧協成、童念遠 |
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| 卵礫石層、潛盾。 |
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| 臺灣桃園國際機場聯外捷運系統建設之桃園國際機場路段主要係以潛盾隧道方式通過，而本路段通過地層主要為卵礫石層。由於台灣對於卵礫石層之施工文獻並不多，因此本文主要探討內容為潛盾機針對桃園卵礫石層於設計時之考量及因應措施、施工過程遭遇問題與解決對策，以提供後續類似工程參考。 |
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| The route of Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport Access MRT Construction Project at the Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport section is mainly pass through with shield tunnel, and the mainly strata of this section is gravel formation. This paper describes the design consideration and treatment of shield machine in gravel layer, and the problems and solutions during construction. |
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| Design and Construction of Diaphragm Wall and Full Cased Piles in Gravel Layer |
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| 黃鳳岡、郭林堯 |
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| 卵礫石層、連續壁、全套管樁、擋土壁。 |
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| 本文主要針對桃園機場捷運計畫地下結構深開挖臨時擋土壁工程，探討於卵礫石層中連續壁與全套管樁的設計及施工。卵礫石層因其粒徑大小不一且硬度大，使得傳統的地質調查、取樣及試驗方法應用有其困難，一般可採現地大型試驗及大口徑試驗樁來獲得所須的力學參數。由施工過程中所蒐集的資料顯示，無論是連續壁或全套管基樁，在此等地層中，其施工工率較低，超挖量較高，惟就整體設計及施工綜合評估，此兩種工法在卵礫石層仍屬一合適之擋土壁工法。 |
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| This paper presents the case study of underground retaining structure, including design and construction process for diaphragm wall and full-cased piles iin gravel ground condition. due to different size and hardness, it is difficult to use the traditional investigation technique to obtain undisturbed sample in gravel layer for laboratory experiment. in-situ experiments and large scale cased pile tests were used to obtain parameters required for design. according to the information collected during the construction process, for the construction of the diaphragm wall and full-cased piles, reduction in construction rate and over-excavation are likely to occur in such ground condition. however, the construction methods of diaphragm wall and full-cased piles still appear to be applicable in gravel conditions. |
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| Investigating the Impact of Diaphragm Wall Construction on Groundwater Flow and its Countermeasures |
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| 李德河、李振誥、羅坤龍、陳福勝、何泰源、柯武德、吳建宏、蔡百祥、蘇中鈺 |
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| 連續壁、地下水位、地下化工程。 |
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近年來，我國由於都會區內大規模人類生活交通運輸需求以及土地開發又常受到地表上鐵路系統的限制，因而目前多將橫越都會區內鐵路或捷運路線網絡規劃為地下化，藉以提升交通運輸的效益。但該地下化工程所設計的地下連續壁，可能對地下水流動產生阻隔效應，造成改變地下水位面深度上升或下降，或者是地下水流方向改變等水文環境的變動。其中地下水位下降可能衍生出地下水井枯竭、農田用水流失、濱海區域的地下水鹽化等問題。另外，因地下連續壁阻隔使得地下水位上升，則可能導致土壤液化潛能增高、土壤孔隙內靜水壓力增加，增大地中結構物下方底部所承受的上舉力，或提高結構物漏水的可能性。
本文主要引述日本遭遇地下連續壁阻礙地下水流動實際案例的處理與因應對策，同時列出高雄地區某地下化工程計畫等相關數值模擬分析初步結果，提供國內工程界先進，進行相關工程設計分析時的參考。
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In the recent years, since the considerable human activities and limited open ground for the rails on the ground surface at metropolises in Taiwan, railways and metros have been constructed underground to provide high efficiency transportation networks. Diaphragm walls are constructed to stabilize underground constructions but they impede and change the direction of groundwater flow. The decreasing groundwater level at the downstream not only dries out neighboring wells and farmlands, but also salinizes soil at the coastal areas. On the other hand, the increase of groundwater level at the upstream raises pore pressure to magnify uplift forces and leakages of an underground structure and the potential of soil liquefaction.
This study describes the evaluating procedure and design concepts of Hanwa highway project in Japan to mitigate geotechnical problems induced by diaphragm wall constructions. In addition, the numerical simulation results of Kaohsiung subway project is also discussed as another case study for the future designs that will be conducted to the similar projects.
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| On Construction Risk of a Undersea Shield Tunneling Project |
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| 廖銘洋、唐嘉俊 |
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| 潛盾、施工風險。 |
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| 海下隧道顧名思義即在海底下之隧道施築方式，而海下隧道採用潛盾施工與陸下之潛盾施工，兩者之施工條件與應變在風險之危險性程度上，不論嚴重性、突發性、急迫性與延伸性顯有不同。以潛盾工法施築隧道而言在因應地質與施工條件下對風險之預先構思、過程回饋與結果省思別具探討價值。本文以龍門計畫出水道工程海下潛盾隧道施工案例於竣工後做一研析，以期國內潛盾隧道之施工技術更精進，並對落實本土化有所助益。 |
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| Undersea shield tunnel is a tunnel built under the seabed with shield tunneling technique. It is obvious that the construction risk of undersea shield tunnel is very different from its counterpart built in land. Risk management of the undersea shield tunnel construction must take specific geological and site conditions into serious consideration. Back analysis and reevaluation of the completed project are also imperative. This paper addresses the construction of Submerged Discharge Tunnel in Lungmen No. 4 Nuclear Power Plant Project in detail. The author hopes that this paper could help local contractors in upgrading the technique in undersea shield tunneling. |
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| Geo-Seminar |
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| 王景平、陳俊定、林銘郎 |
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地工技術研究發展基金會於民國97年9月4、5兩日，舉辦第十七次戶外工程地質研討會，本次活動的勘查重點為宜蘭縣的精神指標–龜山島，及擁有特殊地質景觀及豐富人文歷史的東北角海岸。本次活動由台灣科技大學營建系林宏達教授擔任領隊，共計36位學員參加，在台灣大學地質系宋聖榮教授及海洋大學應用地球科學研究所洪奕星教授的精心引導與帶領下，讓與會的地工界同好們再次領略地質的豐富內涵。
此次工程地質探訪行程，於烏石港登船航向龜山島揭開序幕，登上龜山島後探訪地質探查監測站、勇登401高地、信步龜尾湖，觀察特有的火山熔岩地形及地層露頭，於後前往福隆貝悅酒店進行研討會，瞭解福隆雙溪口黃金海岸地形變遷的始末，次日踏勘福隆雙溪口海岸地形營力後，來到龍洞及鼻頭角海濱步道，探訪漸新世及中新世地層的風貌。下午還參訪了海洋大學的水產生物研究中心，對於四面環海以海洋立國的台灣的水產生物養殖科技有了更深的認識。 |
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