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第49期 |
鑽探技術 |
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張文城 |
1995/03/01 |
90 |
無庫存
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| 劉武志 |
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取岩心鑽探的鑽串主要由水龍頭、鑽桿、岩心筒、修孔殼及鑽頭等組合而成,藉著鑽機鑽進軸的旋轉及餵進而採取岩心樣品。
鑽探器材的規格複雜,而且多採用英文字母為代號,非專業人員不易辨識。本文將
取岩心鑽探用的鑽機、泥漿泵、鑽串、套管、起下鑽工具及打撈工具等做簡單介紹, 供從事工程地質、礦產探勘或有興趣的人士參考。 |
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| This writing is aimed at all persons working and inter-ested in the exploratory drilling. I have tried to introducesome basic drilling methods and clarify into thechaos coredrilling equipment presenting in the sizes and standardscommonly used in the drilling field in Taiwan. |
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| 謝敬義 |
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取岩心鑽鑿的目的是鑽取岩心並蒐集其他地層資料, 以便研判礦產
的蘊藏情況或研究地層的物理性質。謹將與基本鑽鑿技術有關的取岩心
作業、鑽孔壁維護、岩心處理及卡鑽的事故處理等做簡要概述, 提供與
礦產探勘或工程地質有關人士之參考。 |
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The purpose of an exploratory drilling usually provides
core samples and other information to determine if suspected
minerals existed at the site or on the physical nature of the
formations present. Some basic drilling techniques for coring operation are briefly described. I hope this explanation will be useful to drillers and persons involved in the drilling activities. |
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| 侯秉承、黃俊鴻 |
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| 未固結地層、衝鑽、旋轉鑽探、鋼索式取岩心法。 |
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本文就未固結地層地質鑽探採樣方式，尤其是完整或連續地層的
採樣，作一簡單的介紹，其主要方式有(一)衝鑽(二)傳統旋轉鑽探 (
三) 鋼索式取岩心法。衝鑽有其快速方便的優點，但卻不易取出岩心
；傳統旋鑽雖取樣較為容易，但起鑽、下鑽較為費時；鋼索取岩心法雖
不須起下鑽桿，但鑽探速度較慢為其缺點，如何選擇一種好的鑽探方
式，地層的材料、工程的需要、以及鑽探的目的及深度，均為其考慮
的因素。 |
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In this paper we briefly review the way of drilling and
sampling core in unconsolidated sediments, with emphasis on
a complete recovery continuous core. The drilling methods
are mainly classified as (1) the cable toll drilling , (2)
the rotary drilling and (3) the wireline coring method. With
regard to the cable toll drilling, the benefit of using it
is speedy; however, it is difficult for this method to take
the core out of smoothly, as loading and unloading of the
drilling pipe is required. Unlike the rotary drilling , it
is not necessary for the the wireline coring method to
unloading the drilling pipe, yet the disadvantage of using
this method is time consuming . Therefore , how to select a
way to drill depends on the following factors: such as the
physical properties of the strata, the need of the engineering
,the purpose and the depth of drilling. |
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| 許宸維、孫荔珍 |
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鋼索取樣法(Wireline Coring Method)與傳統鑽探取樣法最大的
差異在於取樣管提取之操作方式不同。鋼索取樣法係利用鋼索的拉放
來提取取樣管，而傳統取樣法則需經過鑽桿的銜接、分解及逐支提取
等步驟獲得取樣管。如果鑽孔深度很深時，鋼索的直接拉放遠較鑽桿
的逐支分解、銜接及提取節省時間，因此鋼索取樣法早年多應用於石
油及礦產探勘等需要深孔鑽井工作的場合，甚少應用於土木工程上。
近年來國家工程建設日益大型化，包括長大隧道、大型地下電廠、貯
窖、軍事設施及外海造地等需要深孔及深海探查之工程建設將隨之增
多，鑽探工作使用鋼索取樣法的機會將大為提高。在國內，工研院能
源與資源研究所曾於奇美的斑岩銅礦探勘、立霧溪水力發電計畫、北
迴鐵路、南迴鐵路、佳山計畫及北宜高速公路等工程應用鋼索取樣法
鑽過逾300 公尺深的鑽孔；萬大土壤技術股份有限公司亦曾於二高後
續計畫基隆～汐止及田寮–燕巢路段初步設計標以此法進行300 公尺
水平孔的鑽探；金門地工公司於台北盆地五股工業區亦曾以該法為中
央地質調查所鑽過深達350 公尺之調查孔（全孔連續取樣）；新同合
工程股份有限公司亦在坪林隧道三號豎井補充鑽探工作中以鋼索取樣
法鑽過深達490 公尺之垂直探查孔，新加坡的富國／克里蘭
(Fugro-Mcclelland)公司在彰濱及雲林離島工業區之外海砂源探查工
作中，亦使用鋼索取樣法進行外海鋼索SPT 劈管及薄管取樣。值此應
用鋼索取樣法機會日漸增多之際，作者不揣淺陋，於本文首先介紹鋼
索取樣法的原理，並舉出數個應用實例加以說明，期能拋磚引玉，增
加地工界同仁對鋼索取樣法的認識與瞭解。 |
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To meet the increasing demands for deep drillings in
many large scale infrastructures, Wireline Coring Method
has been gradually adopted recent year in Taiwan to explore
the deep underground condition. It is considered that the
adoption of Wireline Coring Method for deep drilling will
become a trend in geotechnical exploration for its high
quality, efficiency and time-saving. This paper begins with
the introduction of the major principles of Wireline Coring
Method before elaborate the actual application in some
engineering cases recently performed. |
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| 方中權、張本聖 |
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| 鑽探、鑽孔、地質調查、隧道 |
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鑽探工程為山岳隧道地質調查重要之一環，完善的鑽探規劃為保證鑽探工程品質的第一步，一般的鑽探規劃可分為事前準備、規劃原則、鑽孔佈設等步驟加以執行，本文除敘述上列規劃步驟之要點，並摘取部份國內外山岳道鑽探工程之長度相關統計資料，以供國內工程地質界及隧道工程界之同仁參考。
美國國家隧道技術協會(USNC/TT) ，於1985年的專題研究，建議隧道地質調查經費由既存平均值的1%工程費增加為3%工程費，鑽孔總長度由既存0.3 之隧道總長度增加為1.0 之隧道總長度，當鑽孔總長接近隧道總長時，工期與工程費之變更幅度也就相當有限。國內近年來重大隧道工程之鑽孔總長度平均多在0.2 隧道總長度以下，與國外之平均值相比略低。 |
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| Boring program is one of important items for tunnel geological investigation. Detailed planning is the first step to achive successful borehole investigation. In general, planning of borebole investigation can be conducted by following steps: desk study, basic rules and layout. In this article, those steps mentioned above and related borehole length with tunnel length information are presented for referrence |
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| 易鵬舉 |
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北宜高速公路工程之坪林隧道為連接台北縣坪林鄉與宜蘭縣頭城鎮
，全長約13公里，是控制整個高速公路工程之關鍵。坪林隧道長度
目前在世界公路隧道上排名第三，此等長公路隧道工程，除須重視
通風及交通安全外，尚須在事前詳細調查可能遭遇之地質問題，方
能使工程困難度減小。故預先做好完善的地質調查，至關重要。 |
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| The 13.9km Pinglin Tunnel at the eastern end of the Taipei-Ilan Expressway is ventilated through three strategically located ventilation shafts. The tunnel passes through a rugged terrain and the ventilation shafts are situated at locations where the cap rocks are thick ranging from 270m to 460m. For the purpose of probing for the geological conditions at these locations, geological boreholes were sunk to the projected inverts of the tunnel. Drilling of deep boreholes to such depths are not an every day operation in Taiwan, experience thus gained will serve as reference in future construction projects. This paper presents records and brief descriptions of the process of drilling of these deep boreholes. |
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