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第52期 |
基樁之施工與品管 |
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潘以文 |
1995/12/01 |
90 |
無庫存
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| 林永光、呂芳熾、程日晟 |
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| 深開挖、潛盾隧道、有限差分法、雙曲線模式 |
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| 本文主要是以有限差分法分析程式FLAC，配合FLACish語言修改其內建之應力一應變模式，使其能以雙曲線模式模擬土壤之非線性行為，從而建立深開挖之分析模式，藉以探討軟弱粘土層中之深開挖工程對鄰近潛盾隧道應力與變形之影響，並評估保護措施之有效性，提供日後類似工程規劃之參考。 |
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| The authors have incorporated hyperbolic model into finite differential computer program FLAC to make it possible to simulate non-linear behavior of soils, and subsequently, to develop a deep excavation analysis model. A chosen case of Taipei tunnel affected by adjacent excavation is evaluated by the above-mentioned to find the possible changes in stress and deformation of the adjacent shield tunnel during deep excavation. Effectiveness of some protect measures are also assessed in the paper for future engineering practices. |
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| 林永光、郭晉榮、吳立華 |
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| 打擊式基樁，P.C.樁，樁墊，打樁，平均貫入量 |
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| 本文針對打擊式預力混凝土基樁之施工機具設備,準備工作與施工等應注意事項，以及現場施工品管，加以說明,並提供打擊式P.C.樁之施工檢核表與施工上常遭遇之問題及處理方法，期能對讀者有所助益。 |
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| This paper addresses topics on equipment, preparatory work, and construction sequence for driven PC piles. In-situ quality control procedures, construction check list, as well as remedial measures are also presented for reference. |
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| 王傳奇、徐健一、余明山 |
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| 反循環基樁、中間柱、穩定液、特密管 |
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| 反循環基樁挾著施工低噪音、無震動、成本低及適用之地盤範圍廣泛，因此在社會大眾要求維護都市生活品質不受噪音、震動干擾的環境下，反循環基樁在都會區之樁基礎中占一席之地，它不但適合市區內各種結構物作為支承，亦可應用於市區內高架鐵、公路大跨距橋樑基礎之支承，此外，逆打鋼支柱甚至順打中間柱亦可使用反循環工法施作。本文針對反循環基樁之機具施工設備、施工步驟、施工品管以及施工時應注意事項加以說明，並提供反循環基樁施工檢核表與施工上常遭遇之問題及處理方法，期能對讀者有所助益。 |
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| Construction of reversed circulation pile (RCP) has the advantages of low noise, minimal vibration, and low cost. This construction method is also applicable to various ground conditions； therefore it is gainning wide popularity in urban construction sites, where enviromental factors are of concern. RCP can be used to support structures such as high rise buildings, highway and railroad bridges. Pin posts of internal bracing system and top down construction are often installed by RCP technique. This paper addresses the equipment, construction sequence, quality control, and other details of RCP. A check list and remedial measures for RCP construction are also provided for reference. |
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| 樊 成 |
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| 基樁，植入式基樁，品管，承載機制，基樁承載力，成本，工期 |
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本文首先介紹植入式基樁工法發展之背景，繼而探討各種工法之承載機制及合理之承載力估算方式。最後就國內目前之施工成果研究植入式工法合理之品管程序並與他種工法比較成本及工期效益。
研究成果顯示，植入式基樁由於其施工程序有別於傳統基樁工法，其承載機制及承載力之估算應考慮其施工程序而有所修正。施工時，更應針對其特殊之施工程序與承載機制而訂定相關之品管措施，方能發揮應有的承載效果。
在相同的地質條件及工程規模下，植入樁之成本及工期效益略遜於打擊式P.C.樁但優於反循環樁。 |
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| In this paper , the background and development of planted piles are reviewed and the bearing mechanisms and the use of various pile capacity estimation methods are discussed for different types of planted piles. The field construction quality control is studied and the comparisons with other types of piles in terms of cost and schedule are also made based on the practical cases of planted piles in Taiwan. |
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| 倪勝火 |
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| 套管、旋鑽機、搖管器、全旋式迴轉器、排椿 |
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| 全套管式基樁施工自1988年起，在台灣地區蔚為風尚，無論公共工程亦或私人建設均大量採用，其在台灣工程界之發展，應可預期。本文將全套式基樁之施工理念，全套管基樁施工設備、應用、問題與對策、規範與檢驗、及其展望──詳細說明，期使工程界能對其工法有進一步的認識，亦可增加其應用範圍。 |
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| Since 1988, the bored holes of cast-in-place piles in Taiwan are mainly stabilized by temporary casing instead of the traditional slurry method. The idea of construction, equipment, application, problems and the ways to solve them, specification and quality control, and the prospects of the construction method were discussed in this paper. It is eagerly anticipated that the method be known more by the engineer and it's application can be extended more. |
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| 梁明德、葉吉芳 |
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| 基樁，應力波，非破壞性檢測，基樁完整性檢驗 |
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| 近年來由於電腦科技之進步，使得基樁非破壞檢測儀器之發展迅速，而基樁之完整性檢驗似乎已成為土木工程建設事業之施工品質控制之必要方法，本文除說明基樁非破壞性檢測設備之最近發展外，主要是探討目前常用之基樁完整性檢驗法及其檢測案例之說明，以期能對這些檢驗法之優缺點有所瞭解，以便在面臨需使用之場合中，能對最佳檢驗法之選擇有所助益，是為本文之目的 |
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| Because of the recent development of electronic technology and computer industry, the nondestructive testing equipment of pile is well-developed. Pile integrity testing(PIT) becomes an essential part of quality control of construction for many civil engineering projects. The developed equipment for nondestructive testing of pile is described in this paper. The main purpose of this paper is to review the recent development method of pile integrity testing and to discuss the testing cases. The method's strengthes and weaknesses are outlined as an aid to select the most appropriate technique for a given set of circumstances. |
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| 張有恒 |
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| 力學阻抗，品質控制 |
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| 本文主要目的在討論高應變動力非破壞性檢測基樁結構之完整性，其係以應力波理論之力學阻抗法為基本觀念，並藉電子儀器為工具，應用於樁基礎的品質控制，以確保結構物之安全。整體而言，實是一種可靠的、嚴密的、快速的、定性的、經濟的、有效的基樁非破壞性檢測方法。 |
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| The main purpose of this paper is focused on the study of the integrity of pile foundations using nondestructive technique of high strain dynamic testing. This method is based on the mechanical impedance of wave theory and is associated with the implementation of electrical equipment. In order to secure the safety of structures, the quality control of pile foundations should be done by nondestructive technique such as high-strain dynamic testing. Generally speaking, this method is a reliable, rigorous, fast, qualitative, economic and valid nondestructive testing for pile foundations. |
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| 黃安斌 |
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| 基樁試驗、儀器監測、打樁動力分析、動力載重試驗、靜動荷重試驗 |
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| 欲獲得正確之基樁承載力，有賴正確之載重試驗方法。本文係針對靜載重試驗方法、監測系統及相關事項逐一說明，祈能提供相關業者對試樁規範之內容能有多一層參考。此外並介紹打樁動力分析(PDA)及動力載重試驗方法(DLT)，及利用國內試樁案例說明動力分析可以改進基樁施工效率及驗證基樁施打後之品質。最後介紹國外最新之靜動荷重試驗方法，其原理及試樁實際案例。以期借此三種方法靈活運用使國內之基樁品質控制能達到較經濟有效之目標。 |
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The correctness of pile capacity comes from accurate and reliable load testing methods. This paper addresses the method of pile load test by means of dead weight, The associated instrumentation for data acquisition, and highlights some practical problems. Secondly, the concepts of Pile Driving Analysis (PDA) and Dynamic Load Test (DLT) are presented in details. Local case records on pile load tests are used to demonstrate that PDA and DLT can be applied to improve the driving efficiency and to check the quality of driven piles. Finally, the latest pile load test by statnamic method is introduced. Some actual pile test results are cited for reference. With the application of these testing methods, better quality of pile load test may be achieved at lower cost.
The correctness of pile capacity comes from accurate and reliable load testing methods. This paper addresses the method of pile load test by means of dead weight, The associated instrumentation for data acquisition, and highlights some practical problems. Secondly, the concepts of Pile Driving Analysis (PDA) and Dynamic Load Test (DLT) are presented in details. Local case records on pile load tests are used to demonstrate that PDA and DLT can be applied to improve the driving efficiency and to check the quality of driven piles. Finally, the latest pile load test by statnamic method is introduced. Some actual pile test results are cited for reference. With the application of these testing methods, better quality of pile load test may be achieved at lower cost. |
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| 耿慶志 |
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| 基樁、圓錐貫入試驗、標準貫入試驗、側壓儀試驗、Marchetti膨脹儀試驗 |
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如果使用得當，現地試驗可以非常經濟而有效的提供大地工程參數，對砂土而言現地試驗更是不可缺少，某些基樁受力的情況與現地試驗儀器之貫入或其他安裝、試驗過程有相似之處，更增加了其可用性。本文從實用的觀點，敘述如何使用現地試驗做基樁的靜態分析。但基樁受力的情況與現地試驗的種類繁多，為求精簡，基樁的靜態分析僅限於受軸向與橫向力的情況，現地試驗則選擇比較常用的圓錐貫入試驗、標準貫入試驗、側壓儀、和Marchetti 膨脹儀試驗。針對這四種現地試驗介紹一些現有，比較可行的分析方法。本文的目的是提供足夠的資訊讓讀者能對這些方法做一評估。
如果使用得當，現地試驗可以非常經濟而有效的提供大地工程參數，對砂土而言現地試驗更是不可缺少，某些基樁受力的情況與現地試驗儀器之貫入或其他安裝、試驗過程有相似之處，更增加了其可用性。本文從實用的觀點，敘述如何使用現地試驗做基樁的靜態分析。但基樁受力的情況與現地試驗的種類繁多，為求精簡，基樁的靜態分析僅限於受軸向與橫向力的情況，現地試驗則選擇比較常用的圓錐貫入試驗、標準貫入試驗、側壓儀、和Marchetti 膨脹儀試驗。針對這四種現地試驗介紹一些現有，比較可行的分析方法。本文的目的是提供足夠的資訊讓讀者能對這些方法做一評估。 |
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| f used properly, in situ testing can be a very economical and efficient way of obtaining geotechnical engineering parameters. For cohesionless soils, in situ test is essentially a must. Certain loading conditions experienced by a pile can be duplicated by some of the in situ test methods either by insertion/installation of the test tool or during the stage of testing. These capabilities make in situ testing even more desirable. This paper describes, from practical point of view, static analysis of pile foundations using in situ test results. Piles can be subjected to a variety of loading conditions and there are many in situ testing methods. The paper concentrates on piles under axial and lateral loading conditions. In situ testing methods presented in the paper are limited to cone penetration, standard penetration, pressuremeter and Marchetti dilatometer tests. For each of these four methods, a selection of available and feasible theories on related subjects are described. The aim is to provide sufficient information for the reader to make an evaluation of these methods. Detailed information can be obtained from the references |
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