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第58期 |
地工技術與公共工程(一) |
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李建中.簡連貴 |
1996/12/01 |
90 |
無庫存
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| GEOTECHNICAL TECHNIQUES IN HIGH SPEED RAIL |
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| 王明雄、陳名利 |
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| 高速鐵路，加勁擋土結構，前撐工法，土壤液化，地盤改良 |
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| 台灣西部走廊高速鐵路全長345公里，路線結構有高架橋樑、隧道及路堤/路塹等型式。舉凡路堤填築、路塹開挖、邊坡保護、隧道鑽掘、基礎構築、地盤改良等均屬大地工程範疇。高速鐵路沿線北部路段地質條件可概分為砂、泥岩互層以及卵礫石層兩大類，南部路段則以現代沖積層之粉土質粘土、粉土質砂及其互層為主，針對不同地質條件及工程特性，於規劃、設計及未來施工作業時，運用合宜的地工技術，對於工程品質的確保、時程的掌握及成本的節省均具有極高的效益。 |
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| West Taiwan Corridor High Speed Rail is 345 km in length and has various guideway structures including viaducts/bridges, tunnels, embankments/cuts. Geotechnical techniques are widely applied , for example, the embankment fill , cut excavation, slope protection, tunnel excavation, foundation construction, ground improvement, etc. The geological condition along the proposed alignment at the north section can be divided into two categories, interbedding of sandstone and mudstone, and gravel formation (conglomerate); at the south section, it is composed mainly of recent alluvium of silty clay, silty sand and their interbedding. It is important to adopt appropriate geotechnical techniques to construct with different characteristics structures. Therefore, the quality, cost and schedule of High Speed Rail construction can be fully ensured or optimized. |
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| GEOTECHNIQUES FOR PLANNING, DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION IN PINGLIN TUNNEL |
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| 張文城 |
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| 全斷面隧道鑽掘機 |
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| 坪林隧道長達12.9km，最大覆蓋深度達720m，沿線地質構造複雜，岩盤破碎並蘊含豐富之地下水，有兩個直徑約12m之主坑及一個直徑約5m之導坑同時施工，故地工技術上之問題，需有審慎之考量與評估。本文先由規劃及設計階段，說明有關地工技術方面，規劃時需考量之基本原則及設計之重點，再與施工階段實際之結果比較，最後並提出若干之建議，以為爾後推動類似重大工程時之參考。 |
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| The Pinglin Tunnel, including two main tubes with 12m in diameter and one pilot tube with 5m in diameter, is approximately 12.9km long. The maximum overburden is approximately 720m and the geological structure along the tunnel is very complicated with large amount of ground water. Therefore the geotechnical consideration is very important and should be carefully studied and evaluated. This paper is to introduce the key issues regarding geotechnical engineering during planning and design stages. The actual results during construction is also interpreted to compare with the anticipative condition in the planning and design stages. |
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| THE GEOTECHNICS USED IN THE SOUTH LINK RAILWAY PROJECT |
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| 王文禮、傅子仁 |
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| 地工技術，地質，隧道，邊坡穩定 |
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南迴鐵路位於台灣南部，係台灣環島鐵路的最後一環，全長98.248公里，路線由枋寮沿西部海岸於枋山轉折向東穿越中央山脈尾閭，至台灣東部沿海岸線緊靠陡峭邊坡依山傍海而行，全線隧道35座，長達38.924公里，大小橋樑188座，長達10.736公里，橋隧相連超過路線全長的一半。施工期間常遭遇極端惡劣的地質以及其他許多未曾預期到的困難，使施工人員遭受到極大的挫折與工期的延誤，最後經過長期的艱辛困苦與努力研擬改善策略，經採用新發展的地工技術與新開發的材料，以及工程顧問公司及學者專家的技術支援，終於突破困境於民國八十年底完成全部工程，並開放通車營運。
本文檢討與整理施工期間地工上所遭遇問題及突破困難之因應策略，希望爾後工程人員再遭遇類似問題時，能提供參考並有所助益。 |
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The South Link Railway located in the southern part of Taiwan is the last section of Taiwan‘s Round-the-Island Railway System, with total length 98.248Km, The route goes from west coast through central mountain areas to the east, following the edge of steep cliffs along the coast. A series of 35 tunnels totaling 38.924Km long and 188 bridges totaling 10.736Km long , cover more than half length of this line. In the beginning, construction was frustrated by extremely difficult geology and many other unforeseen problems. After long struggle and intensive research, newly developed geotechnics and materials were adopted. Thanks to the technical assistance from consultants and experts, the difficult problems were finally resolved. This project was completed and opened for public at the end of 1991.
In this paper, the solution measures are collected and the problems are reviewed. The objective of this presentation is to provide help and reference to all who are concerned when similar problems are encountered in the future. |
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| INTRODUCTION OF TUNNEL CONSTRUCTION FOR UNDERGROUND RAILWAY IN HSINTEN RIVER BASIN |
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| 李全清、許文貴 |
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| 鐵路地下化、河底隧道工程、工法評選 |
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新店溪河底隧道工程係鐵路地下化萬板專案中之關鍵工程，工程執行中受到天候及河川洪汎等不定因素影響，施工期間尚須顧及大台北地區防洪安全及3號鐵路橋管運期間之安全，和河流掏刷等問題之考慮，工程極端複雜、並極具挑戰性。本文主要針對河底
隧道施工方法評選考量因素及工法特色概要加以介紹，以提供相關公共工程在大地工程過河隧道工程之參考。 |
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The tunnel construction underneath Hsinten river is a key part of underground railway in Wanhua-Panchiao project. The engineering process was influenced by uncertain factors such as weather and flood condition. During the construction period, the flood control of Taipei Basin area, the safety of railway bridge 3, and stream erosions should be considered. This engineering project is very complicated and challenging.
The factors which influence the tunnel construction methods were reviewed in this paper. |
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| THE INFLUENCE OF COMPLEX STRATA AND LARGE BOULDERS TO THE SHIELD TUNNELING AND ITS COUNTER MEASURES |
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| 廖銘洋 |
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| 複層地盤、潛盾工法、巨石 |
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| 本文就潛盾工法在大台北地區運用之施工實務，探討潛盾施工除於軟弱地質與都市內施工之優點外，在具充滿地工技術之挑戰下，運用於公共工程而遭遇突變特異複層地盤，其中更因間夾巨石導致密閉型潛盾機受損，而於現地改造為手挖式，並輔以地盤改良及壓氣工法予以克服。其所產生之影響與因應對策過程，具屬經驗與實務之累積。本文以實例說明，提供地工界實務參考，由於時空環境關係影響因應對策之評估與抉擇，惟在階段性仍具攻錯石之用，期使潛盾施工在隧道工程施工技術上更臻善境。 |
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| This paper discusses the application of shield tunneling technique in the soft ground condition of Taipei Metropolitan Area, especially focusing on the solution of a shield machine which was entrapped and damaged due to the unforeseen complex strata and embedded large boulders.This was solved by manually excavation with the application of combined soil improvement and compressed air |
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| THE CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT AND SETTLEMENT CONTROL OF SONG-SAN AIRPORT UNDERPASS PROJECT |
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| 鍾毓東、賴慶和 |
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| 推管作業，管幕工程，ESA工法，沉陷，品質管理 |
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| 復興北路車行地下道工程由於穿越松山機場下方，且該處地層屬於中至高靈敏度粘土，因此地層易受施工擾動而引致土體位移及地表沉陷。為顧及機場營運及飛航安全，本工程在施工方法的選擇上格外謹慎。本文將從為何指定ESA工法談起，探討ESA工法實際施工案例及本工程之工作井、地盤改良、管幕施工及ESA施工等各主要工程項目可能引致沉陷的原因及現象，針對各項沉陷原因擬定施工前、施工中及施工後可採行之因應對策，並提出品質管理及監測方法之建議，以供施工者參考。 |
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Fu Shing North Road underpass is situated directly beneath the Song San airport in Taipei city. As the soil encountered in this underpass project is medium to highly sensitive clay, construction method should be carefully selected in order to minimize any possible ground deformation that might endanger fly safety and normal operation of airport.
The combination of pipe roof and ESA method is chosen for this project after elaborative consideration. In this paper, the author will explain the benefits of utilizing ESA method for this project. Special interest focusing on ground deformation, directly resulted from key construction components, such as work shaft, ground improvement, pipe roof and ESA method, is also given in this paper. In the end, the authors will introduce some feasible measurements and suggest quality control and monitoring program which may prevent settlement during all stages of the construction. |
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| SAFETY EVALUATION OF EARTH DAM |
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| 陳錦清、高憲彰 |
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| 土石壩、安全評估、現場檢查、監測、地震、沈陷變形 |
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| 蓄水庫之安全除影響水庫本身之功能與鉅大之經濟利益外，同時關係到水庫下游人民生命財產之安全，故先進國家對蓄水庫之安全均極其重視。本文首先檢討國內蓄水庫安全檢查與評估之政策、法規，其次對土石壩安全評估中與地工技術有關之課題，包括(1)土石壩安全檢查重點、項目、不正常跡象、可能原因及可能引發之問題；(2)土石壩之安全監測計劃、結果評估與警戒值之訂定；(3)土石壩之地震安全評估方法等，加以闡述與檢討。 |
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| The safety of reservoir not only affects its operation functions and huge financial benefit but also the safety of human life and property for people living downstream. Therefore, the governments in the developed countries pay great emphasis on the safety of the reservoir. This paper describes the policy and guidelines for reservoir safety issued by the government. It also discusses the geotechnical issues in the safety evaluation of earth dam, including (1) main items in field safety inspection, defect indications, possible causes and potential effects; (2) monitoring program, results evaluation and determination of safety warning level of monitoring data; and (3) the current practice of seismic safety evaluation of earth dam. |
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| GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING PROBLEMS OF COASTAL RECLAIMED LAND-MAILIAO CASE STUDY |
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| 陳斗生、俞清瀚、葉嘉鎮 |
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| 海埔新生地、工址調查與試驗、抽砂回填、動力壓密、地層沉陷、樁基礎 |
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| 在海埔新生地大規模興建廠區設備，大地工程方面之問題需注重工址調查及其正確性，選擇經濟而適用之土質改良工法以防止液化並提高其強度，一般而言引起沉陷之各種因素，包括回填土重、建物重量及淺、深層抽水等。六輕基地及其附近地區目前所獲之地工資料尤其以動力壓密工法首次大規模使用於台灣，其經驗頗為珍貴。經改良後之土層，在其中打設樁基礎之行為也與在一般自然沖積土中不同，本文對此等基樁之分析與施工及動力壓密工法之結果特加以分析及報導，期與地工界分享寶貴的經驗。 |
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| For the planning, design and construction of large plants on a reclaimed land in west coast of Taiwan, the geotechnical engineering experiences on site investigation, liquefaction analysis for various fine contents, soil improvement by dynamic consolidation, consideration of settlements due to dredge fill, facility load distribution,shallow and deep well pumping, unusual behavior of pile foundation together with its analysis and construction are presented in this paper |
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