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第65期 |
大地工程營建自動化 |
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陳堯中 |
1998/02/01 |
90 |
無庫存
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| THE AUTOMATION OF MOUNTAIN TUNNELING |
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| 蔡茂生 |
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| 山岳隧道、開挖、支撐、
施工自動化、整合技術 |
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| 山岳隧道施工範圍多為山區之岩質地層，近年來施作之規模日漸趨大，大斷面、長隧道、高覆蓋層、大深度等案例日增。開挖方法需能滿足於該等地形、地質、施工規模條件下得以快速、省力、安全、品質、環保之要求；及時、安全地支撐完妥。近年來，施工機械、技術之發展已大幅提高施工成效。電腦技術之運用有效地整合各項施工作業資訊，為隧道工程自動化之發展提供良好之管理介面。 |
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| The major task of tunneling is excavation and support .Recently, there are some improvements aimed to enhance the “accuracy” & “safety” of D&B method, to promote the efficiency and mobilization of mechanical-excavation , and have achieved some noticeable results .Using pour-in-place concrete and well-mixed shotcrete to maintain the sufficient support in time. Introducing computer technology to integrate the “construction management information” will promote the tunneling construction technology to a higher automation field. |
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| REAL-TIME DATA ACQUISITION AND DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR ROCK TUNNEL |
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| 呂守陞 陳志南 陳堯中 |
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| 隧道工程，資訊系統，隧道生命周期資訊。 |
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| 岩石隧道工程作業過程中所需處理與回饋之資訊相當繁多，如岩體評分、地質記錄、監測記錄、施工記錄等等，目前多以報表方式處理不但很費時耗力、易產生錯誤；更不易達到整合回饋分析之目的。有鑑於此，台灣科技大學（原台灣工業技術學院）營建系岩盤工程研究群利用現代電腦科技之功能，並結合隧道工程界專家之經驗，建立「整合性隧道工程現地資訊記錄與決策輔助系統」。透過系統提供之工程資料自動化記錄與資料回饋分析等功能，將可協助隧道工程人員迅速衡量工程績效與進行合理之決策。如此將可提高隧道工程作業之效能，強化管理能力。為發揮隧道工程資訊之整體效益，則建置整合性隧道工程資料庫系統，並與本資訊記錄系統充分結合，將是未來之重點工作。 |
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| The construction process of a NATM tunnel consists of geological data logging and rock mass rating, monitoring of the changes of rock strain and stress, as well as blasting and excavation. In the past, when conducting the data recording, engineers need to look up many reference books and then to calculate the results by hand. The results could be display on the trend charts to judge the next action. It is difficult and not efficient to execute all of the tasks in the poor jobsite environment.In order to improve the situation, The purpose of this paper is to build up a decision-supported system, named “the Integrated Rock Tunnel Logging and Decision-aid System.” The functions of this system include geotechnical logging, rock mass rating, cross-section prediction, moritoring data recording and its graphical display, and construction data collection and analysis. The system combines the concepts of multimedia MIS and DSS. This system has a convenient user interface and an integrated data structure that encompassed all the information about the tunnel construction process. |
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| THE INTRODUCTION OF TUNNEL CONCRETE LINING INSPECTION AND ITS DEVELOPMENT OF AUTOMATION |
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| 王文禮 蔡道賜 諶家瑞 |
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| 隧道、混凝土襯砌、自動化、隧道檢測、影像掃描、淨空掃描、熱像掃描。 |
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| 隧道因為受到外力作用、材質劣化或者是其他因素而產生異狀時，最直接的反應便是在混凝土襯砌上形成裂縫及滲水的現象。目前常用之檢測方法仍沿用一般混凝土結構物之調查技術，例如目視法、透地雷達掃描及鑽心取樣等。但是隧道為長條形之地下封閉結構物，與一般地上開放結構物不同，傳統之調查技術往往無法滿足其效率及精度上之要求。有鑑於此，擁有悠久隧道歷史的歐洲率先針對隧道襯砌裂縫、滲水、襯砌背後空洞及淨空大小發展了一套結合影像、熱像及淨空掃描的自動化檢測系統，利用載具配合360度旋轉的掃描感應器，可以快速、精準地一次取得隧道全線影像、溫度及淨空資料，以作為隧道產生異狀原因的評估以及修復改善設計之重要依據。 |
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| The most evident effects caused by external force application, worsening construction material quality or other factors are cracks and water inflow appearing on concrete lining. Techniques such as visual measurement, ground penetration radar, drilling and sampling are still being used for tunnel inspection nowadays. Because these traditional techniques were originally designed to be used for inspection of constructions in open space, efficiency and accuracy using these techniques are not sufficient when they are used to inspect tunnel which is a longitudinal enclosed space. In view of this deficiency and with their long historical background in tunnel constructions, the Europeans have developed an automatic inspection system for this purpose. The system makes use of combined techniques of visual image, thermal image and space scanning techniques. Scanner with 360 degree rotation capability, can very quickly and accurately gather visual image, temperature, and clearance information for the entire length of tunnel. Investigation of the collected data will help to lead us to the reasons of the unusual appearance in the tunnel. |
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| AUTOMATION OF DEFORMATION MEASUREMENT AND PROFILE SURVEY TECHNIQUES FOR TUNNEL CONSTRUCTION |
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| 陳堯中 吳俊傑 傅子仁 |
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| 隧道、三維變形、
斷面收方、監測自動化 |
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| 隧道變形量測及斷面收方是確保隧道安全及改進施工品質之依據。傳統量測方式不但費時費力，且無法及時反應隧道整體狀況 。近年來在隧道變形量測及斷面收方之技術方面皆有長足進步，本文特別針對隧道三維變形光學量測技術及斷面收方之自動測量技術做一簡介，包括其儀器設備、操作步驟、功能特色及資料圖形處理等。三維光學量測技術之資料應用及對隧道安全之評估方式皆有別於傳統監測，本文亦對此做一介紹。 |
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| Deformation measurements and profile surveys of tunnels are the key elements to ensure the safety of tunnel construction and to improve the construction quality. Traditional methods not only waste efforts and time but can not reflect the complete conditions of tunnels. Recently, there are great automation improvements developed in these areas. This paper will describe the equipment, the functions and features, the operation procedures, and the data analyses of these automatic techniques. The safety evaluation procedures of the optical measurement technique which are different from traditional methods will be introduced. |
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| OVERVIEW OF THE AUTOMATION IN SHIELD CONSTRUCTION |
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| 廖銘洋 |
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| 潛盾施工、自動化。 |
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| 潛盾施工在都市內具有降低環境衝擊、高效率與安全施工之特徵，使用範圍日益廣泛。相對的由於生活水準的提升、勞動條件的改變，此一原屬勞力密集與重體力之作業，須藉由科技的進步而尋求改善與永續。自動化為一必然之趨勢與解決之道，然自動化之整體內涵必須考慮其階段性與技術成熟度，同時落實本土化之可行性。於十數年前引進人工手挖式，迄數度觀摩研究國外全自動潛盾施工之所見所思，與已在國內施行之狀況做一整理，期有助於潛盾施工在國內得到最佳之運用效益，進而使潛盾施工自動化在國內有計畫性之推展。 |
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| The application of shield construction is increasing in urban area, due to its low environmental impact, high efficiency and safety. The shied construction technique which was heavy manpower oriented before has to be improved by automation because of the higher living standards and changing labor conditions. The implementation of automation should be step by step and consider the domestic conditions. This paper will give an overview of current situations of the automation in shield construction. It is hoped that the automated shield construction will be implemented with best efficiency domestically. |
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| AUTOMATIC STATIC PILE LOADING TEST |
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| 姚錫齡 |
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| 施工自動化，樁基礎，
試樁。 |
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| 基樁載重試驗是一項耗時的工作，尤其以循環加載法進行時，常需數天之久。本文介紹新發展成功之全自動基樁載重設備，包含三項主要部份：驅動系統、量測系統及微處理系統。試樁過程僅需一人操作，在鍵入所需數據如各循環之載重及保壓時間後，該設備即可自動執行完整的試樁過程。此外，傳統試樁可能產生之人為誤差及時差均可有效避免。 |
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| Static pile loading test using standard cyclic loading method is a time consuming work which may last for several days. The newly developed equipment presented in this paper consists three parts: driving system, measuring system and micro- processor system. The new test needs one person only to operate the computer controlled system and key in requiring data, load and time duration, for each cycle, and the test will run automatically. Using this method, the reading error and time lag for loading and unloading process happened during conventional test can simply be avoided. |
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| ANALYSIS OF TUNNELING THROUGH A COAL MINE |
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| 壽克堅 劉進金 林明川 |
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| 隧道工程、煤礦區、邊界元素法。 |
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| 由於人口成長土地高度開發，本省的道路工程漸向郊區及山區發展。其中在中北部之丘稜區，因有廢棄或現存煤礦區之存在，而時有鄰近煤坑而引起隧道開挖失敗的問題。這些問題輕則有沉陷、變形，重則有擠壓變形甚或抽心，實不容隧道設計與施工所忽視。本研究以邊界元素法配合使用位移不連續元素模擬地盤、隧道與煤層，進而求取反應煤坑影響之隧道周邊應力應變分佈，以供設計與施工之參考。針對某一北部案例，本研究以變形控制之觀念來定出現有煤礦之禁採區，以維未來隧道施工之安全。 |
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| The highway construction in Taiwan is gradually extended to suburban and mountainous area instead of the over developed city area. For the past few years, there are more and more failure cases of tunneling in coal mine area, since the coal mines are located in the northwestern foothills. The tunneling problems, i. e., settlement, deformation, and failure, due to the adjacent coal mine are significant. Careful considering the influence of the coal mine is necessary for a successful tunnel design and construction in this area.In this study, boundary element method together with displacement discontinuity element are used to simulate the problem of tunneling through coal seams. The analysis result of stress and strain distribution around the tunnel can be used to estimate the influence of the mine to the tunnel. A real case in northern Taiwan was analyzed and a mining restricting area is also proposed for the safety of tunneling.
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| DATA PRESENTATION FOR TILTMETER AND THEIR APPLICATION |
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| 蘇文忠 熊彬成 |
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| 傾斜儀，資料處理，
數學轉換，工程應用。 |
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| 傾斜儀(Tiltmeter)是一種在地質和大地工程上非常有用的工具，如何有效的運用和展現傾斜儀所測得之資料，是目前傾斜儀應用上，一個相當重要的課題。本文將闡述傾斜儀資料轉換之數學方法，及根據此理論所研發之可處理傾斜儀資料之電腦程式。最後，並敘述一個實際的邊坡穩定案例，供地工界作參考。 |
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| Tiltmeter is a useful tool for various geologic and geotechnical application. To take advantage of tiltmeter, there is a need for a good and accurate data presentation. This paper describes a simple mathematical method and computer program for data process and presentation. An actual engineering application is also mentioned in the last part of this paper. |
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