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| SAFETY MONITOR WEB SITE FOR HILLSIDE COMMUNITY |
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| 李咸亨 |
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| 坡地監測網站、安全指標、安全退縮距離 |
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| 以監測的方式達到安全的目的，固然為坡地社區居住者的期望，但若須輔以監測硬體，則花費至少在數百萬元以上，實非一般社區居民所願承受。本文試圖以地質、地形、地貌、水文、建築物等現況條件之長期觀察，輔以開發之初基本資料之分析，設計一套坡地社區居住安全且經濟的監測網站系統，以利大家使用。 |
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| Most hillside community residents desire to achieve safety by monitor system and technology. But they would not like to pay expense in millions for devices. The site information and long-term observation of geology、geography、topography、hydrology & architecture, as well as basic data were studied in order to develop an economical monitor system to prevent or mitigate the hillside disaster. |
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| AUTOMATIC WARNING SYSTEMS FOR LANDSLIDE |
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| 黃博函、翁禎祥 |
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| 邊坡，防災，警示系統 |
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| 自然邊坡或擋土結構物可以在其上按裝自動警示系統，當邊坡產生顯著變動之跡象時即可予以補強處理，甚至在即將滑落時可自動發出警報，以便及時疏散下方民眾。邊坡防災警示系統可歸納為由感測單元、資料輯錄單元、資料傳輸單元、警報單元及電源供應等五個主要單元所組合而成。此外，訂定一套緊急應變措施計畫，在警報啟動時，可讓相關人員不致手足無措，或可降低傷害至最小程度。本文以裝設於北迴線路塹邊坡之警示系統為例，闡述邊坡自動警示系統之各項組成單元及應注意事項，供各界參考，以利研發更經濟有效的系統，確保邊坡下方住民安全。 |
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| An automatic warning system may be installed on the slope or the retaining structures to minimize the casualties in the case the landslide should occur. In general, the slope failure warning system may be consisted of five major units, there are sensor, data acquisition, data transmission, alarm and power supply units. In addition, A proper emergency action plan should be comprehended to prevent from being panic when the alarm is triggered. A practical case is presented herein to further describe the details of the automatic warning systems. |
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| GEOHAZARD AND SLOPE DEVELOPMENT |
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| 陳宏宇 |
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| 地質災害、地質材料、地貌 |
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| 在山坡地開發中，地質災害的不同類型與該地區地質條件的不同有關。因此，對於這些地質災害原因的探討必須從其基本地質環境的架構探討。此地質環境包括了地質材料的組成、地質構造的變化、地貌表徵以及水文地質的特性等幾項。而各邊坡穩定分析若能針對這些經過充分地質調查所得的資料來進行，則坡體的安全工作將可得到更合理的保障。 |
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| Various geohazard types have a strong relationship with slope development under certain geological conditions. These geohazard factors are best found within the framework of the geological environment. The factors to be analyzed in the geological environment include geomaterial composition, changes in the geological structure, characteristics of geomorphology, geohydrology etc. If sufficient geological information is available to an analysis of slope stability, then slope security can be afforded more reasonable awareness and protection. |
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| APPLICATIONS OF GEOSYNTHETICS IN LANDFILLS IN HILLSIDE AREAS |
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| 單信瑜 |
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| 地工合成材料，掩埋場，山坡地 |
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| 台灣地區廢棄物掩埋場由於人文社經等條件的考量，往往只能興建於城鄉邊緣的山坡地。山坡地的地形條件對掩埋場來說造成許多設計與施工上的困難。若於工程設計方面未適當考慮工程材料的特性與邊坡穩定分析等地工條件，將使集排水系統失效和阻水材料破壞，乃至於掩埋場防止公害之效果降低。本文以大地工程的角度來探討如何將地工合成材(Geosynthetics)應用於山坡地掩埋場中來提高其效能。 |
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| The rapid expansion of urban area and the NIMBY attitude of the general public have been driving the landfills towards hillside area of Taiwan. The design and construction of landfills is much more difficult under the geographical conditions of the hillside area. This paper discusses how engineers can utilize geosynthetics in hillside landfills to enhance their performance |
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| INVESTIGATION, PLANNING AND DESIGN OF AN EARTH DUMP SITE AT VALLEY |
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| 黃俊鴻、洪國華、李錫堤 |
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| 棄土場，林口台地，水土保持，地理資訊系統，虛擬實境 |
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| 本文探討山谷棄土場之調查、規劃與設計。探討內容包括相關法規、研選準則、方案評選、工程技術、水土保持與益本比概算等。並以林口台地為例，初步篩選出18處候選棄土場，對其中容量最大的候選棄土場址紅水仙溪，進行初步可行性規劃，作為範例說明。文中亦簡介地理資訊系統與虛擬實境技術於棄土場研選的初步應用。 |
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| This paper introduces the investigation, planning and design of an earth dump site at valley. We first discuss the regulations, selection guidelines, alternatives, construction technologies, soil and water conservation, and cost/benefit estimation for an earth dump site. Eighteen valleys around the Linkou Terrace are then proposed as the candidate earth dump sites in the preliminary study. In particular, the largest dump site, Hung Shui Hsien Chi, was chosen to perform basic planning to the feasibility study level . This work clearly illustrated the main considerations in planning an earth dump site at a valley. Finally, the applications of Geographic Information System and Virtual Reality Modeling Language to the selection of an earth dump site are also introduced. |
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| CONSTRUCTION AND LONG-TERM MONITORING OF AN EPS TEST HIGHWAY EMBANKMENT |
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| 黃景川、呂秀崑 |
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| 公路、基層、填方材料、EPS、施工、長期觀測 |
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| 本研究以實際之建造過程及長期追蹤觀測証明EPS(發泡聚苯乙烯，Expanded Poly-Strolene)在適當的製造及施工條件下堪用為重要公路之路堤填方材料。所建造之試驗路堤位於西部濱海公路(台17線)133k+740至133k+770，其長30m，寬6.9m，高1.9m。本文先從各種觀點探討以EPS為路基填方材料之特性，並描述此一試驗路堤之規劃及興建過程。本研究亦對於試驗路堤之堪用性進行追蹤觀測，量測內容包括EPS塊體之壓縮量、路面之高程及撓度等。量測結果顯示本EPS路面之可撓性略大於鄰近一般填土路堤，但其差異性很小。本路堤經歷3年半之追蹤觀測，瀝青路面及路堤側壁無龜裂及其他異狀，堪為台灣第一個成功的EPS路堤案例 |
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| A 30m long, 6.9m wide and 1.9m highway embankment using super-light EPS (Expand Poly-Styrolene) as subbase material was successfully constructed. The test embankment has been performing satisfactorily under heavy traffic for three and half years. Some fundamental aspects of the design on the EPS test embankment was reported. The construction process, the monitoring system, and the results of long-term monitoring were also reported. |
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| AUTOMATIC SEARCH OF FAILURE SURFACE IN ASYMMETRICAL 3-D SLOPES |
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| 黃景川、蔡政晟、劉昭宏 |
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| 邊坡穩定分析、三度空間、不對稱、Janbu法、極限平衡 |
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| 邊坡穩定分析在近50年來雖經過多數學者之斷努力，建立了不少分析方法與電腦分析程式。但是這些方法皆侷限於二度空間(2-D)或對稱之三度空間 (Symmetrical 3-D)穩定分析，對於自然或人工之邊坡中常見之不均質及不對稱之3-D破壞無法提供直接而完整之分析。這對於解釋既有之邊坡破壞並預測可能之破壞而言，構成一大障礙。有鑑於此，本研究對於Janbu法進行3-D一般化之力與力矩平衡式之擴充，使適用於任意方向之不對稱形狀破壞面。從比較驗証中得知，本研究發展之RSLOPE-3D 程式產生合理的分析結果。同時，在複雜之地形中，亦能發揮其自動化之特色，對於將來在大面積山坡地潛在危險邊坡之自動化搜尋上，具有實用上之價值。 |
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| Janbu’s methods were extended into 3-D system for analyzing the stability of natural slopes under asymmetric geological and geometrical conditions. A comparative study was also conducted to verify the 3-D limit equilibrium formulations derived from the present study. It was found that this method rendered accurate results for both 2-D and 3-D slopes. The new method, proposed in the present study, features the equilibrium considerations of two-directional force and moment equilibriums. Therefore, this method may be considered as an instance of Janbu’s generalised slice method. It was also demonstrated that the new method eliminated impractical assumptions, and time-consuming pre-processing, in analyzing potential sliding in the slope area. |
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