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第62期 |
穩定液之處理與管理 |
可選購電子書 |
王劍虹 |
1997/08/01 |
90 |
無庫存
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| A STUDY ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF STABILIZING FLUIDS |
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| 胡邵敏 |
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| 粘土礦物、粘土泥漿、皂土穩定液、離子交換、高分子聚合物、膠體吸附、絮凝沉降、穩定液劣化 |
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| 本文探討皂土穩定液及高聚物穩定液之基本性質。分別說明皂土穩定液之礦物組成、水化作用及漿液之穩定狀態，並以試驗證明粘土泥漿對鹽含量之敏感性及各類高分子聚合物之起源及化學組成，高聚物溶液與粘土顆粒間之吸附作用及絮凝效果。文內並探討兩類穩定液在工程應用上之護壁效果及懸浮能力差異，並以工地試驗證明皂土穩定液在澆置混凝土時之化學性劣化及介紹高聚物添加劑之作用。最後建議工程界對高聚物穩定液作有系統之後續研究。 |
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| This Article introduces the basic properties of bentonite clay slurry and polymer stabilizing fluid. For bentonite clay slurry, its mineralogical structure and composition, clay-water interaction and stability of clay suspension are first presented. Results of a few laboratory tests have proved the sensitivity of salt content on stability of a clay slurry. For the discussion of polymer stabilizing fluids, their chemical compositions, solution, adsorption phenomenon with clay colloids and flocculation behaviors are introduced. In engineering applications, the two types of stabilizing fluid have shown different characteristics in forming "filter cake" and soil cuttings carrying ability. Site evidences are illustrated to indicate deterioration of Na-bentonite slurry caused by calcium attack during concreting. The function of various type of polymer additives to bentonite slurry are also introduced. Finally it is suggested that future researches on the fundamental properties of polymer stabilizing fluid are necessary. |
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| RESEARCH AND EXPLORATION OF THE
BIO-POLYMER SLURRY |
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| 陳俶季、薛朝光、 陳興中 |
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| 高分子聚合物、穩定液、泥漿、皂土泥漿 |
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於地下結構物之深開挖工程中，傳統上一直是使用皂土穩定液，作為地下連續壁施工時穩定壁面與防止開挖壁面崩塌之材料。然而皂土穩定液所造成的大量廢泥漿，卻經常成為工程界相當困擾的問題。皂土廢液不僅數量龐大，且運棄費用昂貴；而最為甚者，便是其將造成環境嚴重污染及二次公害等問題。
近年來，國內外相繼開發出數種以長鏈有機高分子聚合物為主的皂土代用品作為穩定液，且以其作為穩定液應用於連續壁施工在國內外亦已有許多成功案例，然而對於此種高分子聚合物穩定液之特性，及其組成、功能和穩定原理，以至於影響該穩定液效能的各種因素，在目前卻甚少有學者加以研究。
故本文針對上述各項目進行相關研究，使高分子聚合物穩定液在連續壁工程上之應用能更有所依據，並使施工者得以預先避免不利於此種穩定液在使用效能上之種種影響因素，期以提升國內連續壁工程之品質。 |
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Slurry wall has been used throughout the world in three decades. It is an excavation in unstable soil supported by a fluid which is constantly kept at the ground level, later backfilled with an engineered substance. For the last thirty years, bentonite slurry is used in almost every trench excavation to stabilize the trench walls. Although bentonite slurry has been used to stabilize the deep trench widely in the world, but there are some problems in using bentonite fluid.
The use of a fluid exists in the form of a synthetic low molecular weight cellulosic polymer formulation combined with a colloidal mineral suspension can solve problems resulted from using bentonite slurry. In this research, (1) why is the bio-polymer slurries, and how can bio-polymers behavior in slurries be explained；(2) what factors affect bio-polymer slurry properties；and (3) what factors affect bio-polymer slurry performance will be studied. After that, the use of bio-polymer slurry for stabilizing deep excavation can be specified, and the quality of slurry wall construction can be improved by using bio-polymer slurry as a stabilizer. |
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| A CASE STUDY ON SLURRY CONTROL FOR DIAPHRAGM WALL CONSTRUCTION IN GRAVEL |
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| 廖述良、劉國鎮 |
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| 穩定液、逸流、連續壁 |
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| 近年來地下連續壁工法，廣為國內深開挖營造工程所使用，而連續壁槽構挖掘過程中，主要賴以穩定開挖壁面之穩定液，若因地層透水性高而產生逸流，穩定液面無法維持，則可能影響施工及鄰近結構物安全。經於現地選取五個連續壁試驗單元試驗結果顯示，以於穩定液中添加重量比約4%之逸流防止材(蛭石、木屑、纖維、粒狀皂土)將可有效降低逸流流量。 |
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| In the past decades, diaphragm slurry wall has been widely used for deep excavation in Taiwan. During trench excavation, slurry is required to maintain the stability. If the trench is in the soils with high permeability such as gravel, the slurry level cannot be maintained due to high filtration rate. It could cause construction problems or result in damages on adjacent buildings. This paper presents a trial test and its results. In the trial test, different additives were used during installation of five slurry wall panels; and the results showed that the additives (wood chips, fibers, clustered bentonite) of 4% by weight could effectively reduce the filtration rate. |
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| SELECTION APPLICATION AND MANAGEMENT OF CHEMICAL SLURRY IN GEO─ENGINEERING EXCAVATION |
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| 蘇 恩、鄭兆鴻 |
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| 穩定液、天然無機礦物穩定液、化學合成有機物穩定液、基樁、連續壁、聚乙稀化合物、聚丙烯醯胺化合物 |
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| 國內深開挖的數量及深度在今日世界的排名可謂數一數二，惟深開挖的關鍵因素─〞穩定液〞,在國內的工程界並未受到應有的尊重與對待，此為國內開挖災變不斷的主因之一。本文就不同的化學穩定液之性質、適用範圍、施工管理以及經濟性做一探討。並供國內工程界選用化學穩定液材料的重要參考資料。 |
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| Taiwan has gained good reputation for the numerous deep excavation projects completed .However, the key factor 〝SLURRY〞has not been studied in details. In the past, many excavation collapses could be attributed to lack of control in slurry quality. This Paper discusses the properties of a chemical slurry, its application, economy and methods of construction management. It provides useful information for project engineer to select a suitable chemical slurry. |
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| HAMMER ENERGY MEASUREMENT FOR STANDARD PENETRATION TEST |
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| 蔡錦松、陳建隆、賴建名 |
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| 標準貫入試驗、光學影像法、能量比 |
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| 標準貫入試驗定義簡單明瞭，但在實際操作，往往為求迅速便利，操作及器械上不免與原始定義所期望者，有所出入，使得不同情況下操作所得打擊數（N值）之標準程度受到質疑。因此，本文主要目的在於深入瞭解貫入試驗所採用之落錘落下過程中影響打擊能量傳遞之重要因素。打擊方式採用傳統圈餅式以及自由落下之重錘。為了達到觀察落錘行為，提出新的量測方法-「光學影像法」，將落錘撞擊砧鈑前的運動路徑呈現出來，藉以探討能量損失機制。並配合雷達法及荷重計量測法，輔以應力波動學，解釋撞擊後的力學行為。研究結果顯示光學影像法能夠準確的記錄錘落下行為。在能量傳遞上，自由式落錘在撞擊鉆板前的速度能量比(ERV)為95%，而撞擊後真正傳入鑽桿與取樣器之能量比(ERV)為75%。一般常用兩圈半繫索式標準貫入試驗，打擊砧鈑前之速度能量比均為85%，而撞擊後傳入鑽桿與取樣器之能量比約為62%。結論指出，目前本地常用之繫索式標準貫入試驗，與一般液化分析常用之百分之六十打擊能量之標準貫入試驗相近。 |
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| The procedure of standard penetration test (SPT) has been stated definitively clear in the texts while the test performed in the practices seldom fulfills the "standard" requirement. Due to most standardless SPT tests, the numbers of blow-counts N values, obtained in different occasions may not have similar correlations with respect to soil properties. The main concern of this paper is to study the amount of energy translation in normal test process. A photographic method with image process technology is proposed to investigate the motion of the SPT hammer. Two types of hammer, a conventional donut hammer and a free-fall hammer, were chosen for this research. A Doppler radar and a load cell were used together in this research to study the entire energy translation. Test results indicated that the energy ratio for the free-fall hammer system before the anvil was about 95% and was about 75% translated to the sampler. The energy ratio for the conventional donut hammer system was about 85% before the anvil and was about 62% translated to the sampler. The conclusion is that the energy ratio of the local practices by using the conventional donut hammer is quite similar to the 60% of most previous researches. |
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| APPLICATION OF STEEL FIBER REINFORCED SHOTCRETE FOR UNDERGROUND STRUCTURES |
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| 陳怡名、劉弘祥、張吉佐 |
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| 鋼纖維噴凝土、抗張強度、撓曲強度、延展性、矽灰、強塑劑 |
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| 自從1980年以來鋼纖維噴凝土已逐漸被使用於台灣不同結構物上，諸如地下結構物、橋面板及機場跑道等。其中在地下結構物方面，鋼纖維噴凝土目前已逐漸替代鋼線網噴凝土。鋼纖維噴凝土比鋼線網噴凝土具有較高抗張強度、撓曲強度及延展性。因此，鋼纖維噴凝土較易抵擋由岩盤荷重產生之張應力。在新奧工法施工過程，鋼纖維噴凝土比鋼線網噴凝土更易覆蓋隧道開挖面。尤其使用鋼纖維噴凝土之優點為可免除掛置鋼線網。本文簡要說明鋼纖維噴凝土之配比設計、材料規範、噴裝過程、例舉國內之案例及實際應用之檢討與建議。 |
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Since 1980, steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) has been used in various structures in Taiwan, Such as underground structures, slab of bridges and airport runways, etc. Among these, steel fiber reinforced shotcrete (SFRS) is now widely applied to caven and tunnel excavations mostly by shotcrete with New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM). SFRS has higher tensile strength, flexural strength and ductility as compared with normal shotcrete, and it is easy for SFRS to resist any tensile stress induced by rock load. In case of NATM, it is better to cover excavated tunnel surface with ductile SFRS than normal shotcrete, it is beneficial to use SFRS to avoid placement of reinforcing bars. This paper illustrates briefly the mix design, material specification , application procedures and presents the cases history in Taiwan.
KEY WORDS：steel fiber reinferced shotcrete, tensil strength, flexural strength, ductility, silica fume, superplasticizer. |
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