英文篇名
土石壩填築品質控制與施工規範
作者
王雄
摘要
台灣地區由於工商業極速之發展,人口快速之增加,用水量成級數躍增,建壩築堤以蓄存用水乃為當務之急。根據我國經濟建設十年計畫,在未來十年間水資源方面之投資額將高達新台幣數仟億,其中就有新台幣近千億之預算將投注在興建二十座大型水庫,以供應未來水源需要。故水庫工程仍為未來國家重要工程建設之一環。本省位於環太平洋之地震帶上,斷層裂隙橫生,地質條件太差,建壩以土石壩為宜。土壩為了阻截水庫上游之蓄水滲漏,築壩材料心層(Core)均採用滲透係數極低之黏性土壤。心層兩側為漸變層則以高剪力強度之砂性土層,並於外層以卵石護坡,以穩定坡面。為獲得安全穩定及經濟之要求,在壩工規劃調查之初,即應對築壩材料借土區之選定,採集搬運,詳細之調查試驗,並精心詳盡之分析設計。於施工填方前,對基礎清除、岩盤之處理、材料之特性、採取、搬運作詳細之探查,並對施工機具,夯實之次數、含水量、壓實之密度、粒徑之分析、檢試之方法和試驗均需詳加規範,並嚴格執行,才可得安全穩定之壩體。本文謹將土石壩填築品質控制與施工規範之通則提出研討,並以目前施工中之南化水庫施工規範為例略加說明,以供參考。
英文摘要
Owing to the rapid urbanization and industrialization, there is an urgent need of water for municipal and industrial uses in Taiwan. The Construction of reservoirs for collecting abundant water during the wet season is considered an effective approach/much more crucial measure of water resources management in future of Taiwan. After four reservoirs, Paoshan, Yonghoshan, Jenyitan and Fengshan, have been completed and come into operational recently, another three reservoirs, Liyutan, Nanhua, and Mutan, are now under construction. Almost all of those dams are embankment dams. In Taiwan area the dam sites with suitable/sound topographical, geological and hydrological conditions have already been used up. Only small & medium sized embankment dams will be popular in the future. Basic embankment construction quality control is exercised by evaluation/testing of: (1)the uniformity of the water content and properties of the soil layer before compaction. (2)the thickness of the compacted layers; and (3)the action of the roller and heavy hauling equipment on the construction surface. In this paper, construction quality control and specification of an embankment are discussed. Items of evaluation include the construction procedure, foundation treatment, embankment construction equipments, field compaction, testing, etc. The specification of embankment construction of Nanhua dam is also discussed.