作者

諶家瑞

摘要

國內最近30年的軌道建設亦提供了許多大地工程的研究、調查、設計、施工及營運維護計畫，尤其台灣都會區多屬高地下水位的軟弱沖積層，高難度的工程條件下，培養了軟弱地盤深開挖與隧道工程的人才與技術，成功進入東南亞的軌道工程市場與國際工程團隊分庭抗禮。
近年來的軌道工程建設重心已從北部擴展至中南部地區，由盆地中央的蛋黃區往周邊的蛋白區發展。所遭遇的地質條件從軟弱沖積層到軟硬兼具的複合地層，甚至穿越變異性極高的地質構造；再加上都市維生系統建置的複雜地下管線系統，更增加了大地工程設計與施工的困難度。
本期「軌道工程的地工新挑戰」主題共11篇高挑戰性大地工程專業論文，透過實際案例或研究，分享大地工程師面對新挑戰，如何發揮的智慧與創意，成功克服困難達成目標的寶貴經驗。

作者

郭振銘

摘要

1970年代的十大建設系統性地升級台灣交通建設，不論國際機場、港灣工程、南北高速公路、北迴鐵路都少不了大地工程師走在最前面。1990年代開始進入21世紀嶄新的軌道運輸建設新紀元，包括各大都會區捷運路網、高速鐵路、桃園機場捷運、都會區鐵路地下化、鐵路高架化、輕軌建設、花東路線改善….， 大地工程舞台方興未艾。
過去的三十年世界各國都經歷氣候變遷、環境反噬的苦果與教訓，自然保育及永續地球的浪潮襲來。2021年世界地球日台灣也宣示2050淨零碳排的目標，軌道建設不僅不會暫歇，在都會化越來越明顯的現在與未來，更必然是減碳的時勢所趨。花東鐵路電氣化/雙軌化，六都捷運路網、高速鐵路東延、南延、東部鐵路提速等工程紛至沓來。
撇開新建或立體化改建的軌道建設，從另一個角度來提醒地工技術專家學者，投入協助營運中的既有軌道系統遭遇的諸多難題，包括鐵路沿線邊坡防護、落石預警；確保行車安全的臨軌工程防護技術。2020年11月30發生臺鐵瑞芳猴硐路段走山事故，交通中斷兩個月嚴重影響民生便利。太魯閣號在清水隧道的嚴重事故奪走42人生命，也是因為減輕邊坡危害行車安全的明隧道工程造成。高雄市區鐵路地下化工程及台南鐵路地下化施工期間，都曾多次發生營運中的軌道路基流失的驚險事件。儘管相關單位積極制定臨軌工程配套管制、邊坡監測設備、開發落石預警技術，但是若沒有大地工程專家的參與，成效仍相當有限。
值得一提的是傳統鐵路的道碴軌道路線維護費時費工，與已經立體化的無道碴軌道相比，列車舒適度較差之外，挫屈斷軌時有所聞，影響行車安全。過去十年透過鐵路立體化的改建機會，絕大部分地下段與高架段都已經改為無道碴軌道，主要原因是高架橋與地下隧道都沒有路基沉陷的問題。由於無道碴軌道無法透過砸道調整軌道線形變化，在無法確保路基承載力充足，不致發生路基沉陷的前提下，一般平面路段不敢貿然鋪設無道碴軌道。
提升行車品質與安全釜底抽薪之計就是發揮愚公移山的精神，利用夜間四五個小時逐段施工，將道碴軌道更換為軌道版的無道碴軌道。如何與時間賽跑，拆除軌道、移除道碴、吊裝預鑄軌道版或現場澆灌、確保平穩與強度、鋪回軌道、天亮正常營運。然而研發這套工法的大前提是地工技術。不同地質條件應搭配的地盤改良工法設計、能夠確保改良成效符合無道碴軌要求、並且經過全尺寸反覆載重載重試驗確認永久變形量合乎規範。進一步在營運路線上選定試辦路段經過營運列車的考驗，才有全面推動的重要基礎。
台灣的鐵路始於清末，經過日治時代的奠基、1970年代開展鐵路電氣化與北迴鐵路，1980年代啟動鐵路立體化，2000年推動捷運化，2010年代陸續推動南迴鐵路、花東鐵路電氣化、雙軌化，以及提速工程。我們的子孫在2040甚至2050要怎麼論定接下去的鐵路升級呢？
我有一個夢想，若干年後回首，我們讓台鐵環島路網脫胎換骨成為無道碴省力化軌道，就像我們過去數十年努力讓軌道運輸現代化一般。誠如先前所述，這個夢想的起點與關鍵在於地工技術！還需要結構工程、工程材料、施工規劃管理、鐵路營運調度等等不同領域的工程師與專家共同參與，這個夢想才有實現的可能性。也熱切期待這個獨步世界的夢想能在地工技術醞釀成真，成就另一個台灣之光。

英文篇名

Experience Sharing of Tam Grouting Application Cases

作者

王錦伍、楊國榮、岩久保建志、王德遠、王益民、鄭世豪

關鍵字

捷運工程、聯絡通道、封底灌漿、雙環塞灌漿、水平雙環塞灌漿、藥液灌漿

摘要

雙環塞灌漿工法為現有藥液灌漿工法中最可靠的工法，此工法係利用施工初期所埋設具有灌漿孔的灌注外管，採用雙環塞於灌漿孔處由管內進行灌漿。採用此方式施作可確保所灌注的漿液確實注入施灌的深度，並具有不需重新鑽孔而可重複灌漿的優點。至目前為止，此工法已成功地使用於臺北與泰國捷運工程多個施工案例，包括潛盾隧道出發與到達、聯絡通道開挖、深開挖的封底灌漿及障礙物處理等。本文擬詳述此藥液灌漿工法的特性，並就已施作完成的多個聯絡通道開挖與封底灌漿成功案例加以介紹，以供後續類似工程的參考。

英文摘要

The Tube-A-Manchette (TAM) grouting method is the most reliable method of the existing chemical grouting methods. The grouting outer pipes with grouting holes are installed in the initial stage of construction. The double packer is then used for grouting at the grouting hole. The application in this way can ensure that the grout material is actually injected to the specified depth. This method also has the advantage of repeated grouting without re-drilling. Up to now, this method has been successfully used in many construction cases in Taipei and Thailand MRT. These cases included departure and arrival of shield machine, excavation of cross passage, base seal grout at deep excavation and obstacle treatment, etc. This paper describes the characteristics of TAM grouting method in details. Several successful cases for cross passage excavation and base seal grout are introduced for reference of similar projects in the future.

英文篇名

The Challenge of Deep Excavation Automatic Design and Intelligent Construction Feedback

作者

張正憲、黃靖惠、劉執敏、陳又誠、曾紀緯、賴建名

關鍵字

深開挖工程、自動化設計、智慧化、施工回饋

摘要

在數位轉型的趨勢下，傳統工程的作業流程及模式逐漸產生了變化。於傳統的設計階段常伴隨著設計耗時費力、因人而異的分析工具使版本與成果管控不易、設計經驗無法有效傳承等問題；於傳統的施工階段則常面臨施工過程之奇異點僅透過查驗表進行記錄，施工與監測無法有效連動等情況。而如何以自動化、智慧化的方式將設計階段與施工階段的成果連動及整併，成為數位化趨勢下的重要課題及挑戰。本文以深開挖工程為例，說明中興工程顧問股份有限公司自2016年開始啟動的捷運設計數位轉型，除了發展深開挖設計階段之自動化設計與自動建置BIM模型外，在施工階段則透過過往經驗與查驗表單發展施工重點紀錄，並利用連續壁施工特性與中興公司既有之大地監測系統建立連結，讓設計、施工與監測成果相互連動，實質解決過去設計階段完成後施工階段資料難以回饋的問題，相關成果亦透過平台進行知識累積與經驗傳承。

英文摘要

Digital transformation has revolutionized all aspects of civil engineering design projects and their workflow, especially in the deep excavation project. The conventional design workflow was not only a time-consuming process but also difficult to organise each design version. During the construction phase, the unusual event was recorded in a sheet and there is no direct comparison between the designs and monitoring data system. Therefore, creating a collective platform with all these features can help to digitalise and improve project workflow efficiency. In 2016, Sinotech developed SinoExcavation design platform, specifically for deep excavation design and construction projects, and transformed the traditional design workflow into an automated, integrated and intelligent system. The automatic calculation and auto-generate 3D BIM model program significantly improve design efficiency. Moreover, all design procedures are done inside the platform, thus the design experience can be easily used as leverage. The construction module in SinoExcavation is connected to the existing monitoring database system; the module directly compares construction data and design, thus helping the back-calculation analysis process. The development of the SinoExcavation platform is a breakthrough for Sinotech and civil engineering projects.

英文篇名

Case Study of Retaining Design for Mixed Strata Excavation

作者

宋士豪、張榮峰、周忠仁、程道信

關鍵字

深開挖、擋土設計、偏壓、回饋分析

摘要

臺北捷運信義線東延案R03車站，因遭遇極軟弱之粘土層、岩層深度變化大、且臺北斷層剪裂帶穿越局部車站下方，使擋土設計及施作極具挑戰。鑒於地層複雜及不確定性，因此設計階段以預先增編補充地質調查費用方式，於施工階段增加調查密度，建立更為詳細之地質模型，據以回饋及優化設計，使工程得以順利且安全完成。
通過回饋研析，於岩層深度變化大之地層，兩側連續壁之變形、彎矩及剪力差異明顯，因此除了依開挖深度、基礎型式等因素考量鑽探數量外，若能藉由蒐集或增加調查密度等方式，提高對開挖區周邊岩層變化掌握度提高，視需要建立二維或三維之地質模型，或適時採更高維度之分析軟體與傳統一維軟體進行比對，將有助於連續壁設計、建物保護措施等設計兼顧安全及經濟性。

英文摘要

The R03 station of the eastern extension of the Taipei Metro Xinyi Line encountered extremely soft clay layers, large variations in rock depth, and the shear zone of the Taipei Fault passing underneath the station, making the retaining design and construction extremely challenging. Due to the complexity and uncertainty of the strata, the design phase was carried out by adding supplementary geological survey fees in advance and increasing the survey density during the construction phase to establish a more detailed geological model for feedback and optimization of the design so that the project could be completed smoothly and safely. Through the feedback analysis, in the stratum where the depth of the rock layer varies greatly, the deformation, bending moment and shear force of the diaphragm wall on both sides are obviously different. Therefore, in addition to evaluating the number of borings according to the excavation depth, foundation and other factors, if we can improve our grasp of the rock stratum changes around the excavation area by collecting or increasing the survey density, and establish a two-dimensional or three-dimensional geological model as needed, or compare the higher-dimensional analysis software with the traditional one-dimensional software in a timely manner, it will help the design of diaphragm walls and building protection measures to take into account both safety and economy.

英文篇名

Application of Ground Improvement in Slab Reinforcement and Jacking - taking Light Rail Transit System as Example

作者

李明書、劉益宏、林柏強

關鍵字

軌道沉陷、營運安全、地盤改良、道版頂昇

摘要

營運中的軌道交通如遭遇天災或周邊施工等因素造成道版沉陷變形，將影響運輸功能，嚴重時甚至危及營運安全。根據工程條件灌注懸濁系、化學系或樹脂系漿材對路基進行地盤改良，並藉由剪力波速檢測確定地層具備足夠強度後，運用分段灌注早強瞬凝型聚胺酯樹脂方式執行道版頂昇，配合即時區段高程監測確定頂昇成效與穩定性，可以降低施工過程交通運輸影響，恢復道版設計高程，同時達到提升地層承載力、加固地層疏鬆區域等目的。本文針對地盤改良於輕軌交通系統道版加固頂昇之應用進行介紹，並以實際案例說明執行方式，提供各界參考。

英文摘要

If an operational rail transit experiences a natural disaster or construction in its surroundings or other factors that cause subsidence and deformation of the track, it will affect the transportation function, and even endanger the operational safety in severe cases. According to site conditions, the grout suspension system, chemical system or resin system grout material is poured to improve the site of the roadbed. After confirming that the ground formation has sufficient strength through shear wave velocity detection, the slab is lifted by the staged injection of early-strength, instant-setting polyurethane resin method, with real-time section elevation monitoring to determine the jacking effect and stability. This can reduce the impact on traffic and transportation during the construction process while restoring the designed elevation of the road plate. At the same time this will achieve the purpose of improving the ground stratum bearing capacity and strengthening stratum loose areas. This paper introduces the application of ground improvement in the reinforcement and jacking of the light rail transit system, and explains the method’s application with an actual case, providing a general reference.

英文篇名

Construction Issues and Countermeasures of Geotechnical Engineering in Xinyi Eastern Extension Project

作者

陳俊宏、劉安德、陳建仁

關鍵字

連續壁、明挖覆蓋、岩層、潛盾隧道工程

摘要

臺北捷運信義線東延段計畫路線係接續信義線象山站尾軌東端，採高運量地下化向東延伸約1.4公里。因工址緊鄰臺北盆地邊緣，且地質複雜不均，淺層土壤軟弱，深層岩盤堅硬，硬度超出預期4倍，設計及施工皆極具挑戰。本文主要說明連續壁、明挖覆蓋及潛盾鑽掘作業遭遇的施工課題，以及工程團隊研討採取的因應對策，期望可提供後續類似工程參考。

英文摘要

The planned route for Xinyi Eastern Extension is a continuation of the tail track at Xiangshan Station of the Xinyi Line. The high-capacity underground line extends to the east for about 1.4 km. Because the construction site is close to the edge of the Taipei Basin, In addition, the complex and uneven geology, the soft and weak shallow layer of soil, and the hard deep rock disk with hardness exceeding expectations by 4 times have created extreme design and construction challenges. This paper mainly describes the construction issues encountered in the slurry wall, cut-and cover construction and shield tunnel construction, as well as the countermeasures discussed and adopted by the engineering team, hoping to provide reference for subsequent similar projects.

英文篇名

The Conflict Analysis, Risk Assessment and Construction Record of Urban Shield Tunnel Encountered an Underground Obstacle

作者

王怡仁、葉松芳、張進財、宋上平、張荐宇、黃士庭、劉人豪、詹于萱、王東翔

關鍵字

潛盾、地下障礙物、監測、風險評估

摘要

都會區地下捷運隧道工程除了車站範圍採明挖覆蓋工法外，其餘路線段常採潛盾隧道工法進行施工，以降低對於地面交通及地下管線的影響。惟因都市高度開發之影響，地下管線與障礙物的種類與數量龐大，尤其深層污水幹管的高程常與捷運工程隧道衝突，若事前的調查工作不完整或者判釋有誤，容易於施工階段發生衝突，形成嚴重的工程障礙及施工風險。本文介紹某捷運工程計畫潛盾機鑽掘過程與通水中污水系統的人孔下部結構發生衝突，並說明工程團隊如何透過相關圖說判釋、地表測量定位及盾首向前鑽探調查方式，交叉校核確立潛盾機體與障礙物之相對關係及影響範圍，確保污水管人孔及上下游管路的功能不受影響。並建立數值模型進行分析，評估潛盾機以慢削慢磨方式向前掘進對現有污水人孔沉箱結構之安全性，並於人孔內安裝自動化安全監測儀器，即時監控施工造成的變位。爭取在最短的時間內取得潛盾機繼續掘進的許可，以避免潛盾機因為停機過久而下沉或受困，造成更大的災害。潛盾機穿越障礙物過程透過嚴密的掘進率、推力及切刃溫度監控，共花費約30天的時間，順利通過障礙物區段，根據監測數據及土桶所取得的金屬碎削研判，潛盾機的切刃齒已受到嚴重磨損。經過風險評估與方案比較，決定新增一處開艙檢修的地改區，以針對受損的切刃盤進行維修，確保潛盾機可以繼續鑽掘至下一個到達井。

英文摘要

The MRT tunnel is usually constructed by the shield tunneling method in order to reduce the impact for the traffic and underground pipelines. However, with the rapid development of cities, the number of underground pipelines has increased due to the increase in people's livelihood needs, and the types of underground obstacles have become more and more complex. There is a high risk of conflict with the deep sewage pipeline during the construction of the shield tunnel if the pre-construction investigation work is incomplete or the engineering judgment is wrong. These sewage facilities with similar elevations to MRT tunnels often form serious engineering obstacles and cause high construction risks. This article introduces the conflict between the substructure of the sewage manhole with the shield machine of an MRT project. Actual location of the conflict between the shield machine and the obstacle was utilized by underground forward drilling, ground surface survey, and crosschecking the as build drawings. There are high probability that the shield machine could be sink if the machine was shut down for too long. A numerical analysis model was established to evaluate the safety of the existing manhole substructure with shield machine drilled through with minimum thrust force. An auto-monitoring system was installed in the manhole to monitor the displacement caused by shield machine in real time. The engineering team provided comprehensive safety measures to obtain the approval from the authority to re-commence of the tunneling works. The process of the shield passing through the obstacle was closely monitored, including the advance rate, the thrust force and the temperature of the cutter. It took a total of 30 days for the shield machine to drill through the obstacle. According to the monitoring data on the cutters and metal fragments found from the muck, it was verified that cutters on the shield had been severely worn. With risk assessment and comparison of the options, the engineering team decided to add a ground improvement zone for the inspection and repairmen of damaged cutters of the to ensure the shield machine is capable to drill continuously to the next working shaft.

英文篇名

Airport MRT Tunnel Project and Co-Construction Interface Integration with Subway Station in Zhongli

作者

郭林堯、巫新煌、林建華、汪子翔、廖文彬、林恒次

關鍵字

近接潛盾隧道、卵礫石/岩層複合地層、鐵路地下化界面整合

摘要

機場捷運延伸線CM01標回饋機捷主線CU02A標成功經驗，應用於本工程近接潛盾隧道、卵礫石/岩層複合地層、深開挖等設計及施工，於中壢市區已完成多項近接施工成果。並介紹機捷延伸線為配合桃園鐵路地下化將A23站變更為地下3層及調整工法與其共構之界面整合方案。

英文摘要

The CM01 project of the airport MRT extension line has given back the successful experience of the CU02A project of the main line, which has been applied to the design and construction of the closed shield tunnel, gravel/rock composite strata, and deep excavation of this project. A number of closed constructions have been completed in the urban area of Zhongli successfully. It also introduces the design of the A23 station co-construction interface integration with subway station, and adjusting the construction method for the airport MRT extension line for the Taoyuan Subway project.

英文篇名

Challenges to Railway Operation Safety and Maintenance from Near-Track Excavation Constructiont

作者

江明珊、劉雲生、吳宇宙、馬良俊

關鍵字

鐵路地下化、明挖覆蓋工法、連續壁

摘要

鐵路地下化工程，於高雄、臺南陸續施工，其有一相同之特性，就是緊臨鐵路施工，其中高雄鐵路地下化約16公里、臺南鐵路地下化約8公里，均為人口稠密地區，於現地之調查、工法之選擇、規劃，即須就鐵路營運安全進行檢討，另在深開挖施工面臨各式管線、箱涵、高架橋、地下道等，亦均須逐一克服，本文茲就鐵路營運安全之角度，試著就進行臨軌都市隧道施工所面臨之課題及解決因應對策進行說明。

英文摘要

The railway underground project is being constructed successively in Kaohsiung and Tainan. It has the same characteristic that it is close to the railway construction. The Kaohsiung underground railway is about 16 kilometers and the Tainan underground railway is about 8 kilometers. They are all densely populated areas. The investigation, choice of construction method, and planning require a review of the safety of railway operation. In addition, various types of pipelines, box culverts, viaducts, underpasses, etc., must be overcome in deep excavation construction, try to explain the problems faced in the construction of the adjacent rail urban tunnels and the countermeasures to solve them.

英文篇名

Long Term Performance Assessment of Transition Zones and Subgrade Improvement in Railway Track

作者

楊恆偉、洪振發、何樹根 、胡邵敏

關鍵字

結構漸變段、差異沉陷、垂直勁度

摘要

控制鐵道結構漸變段問題的三大重點是鐵道系統垂直勁度陡變、差異沉陷、以及大地工程相關的設計、施工、與維護。鐵路線路是由軌道與不同形式的土建結構物組成，例如橋梁、隧道、路堤等, 不同結構物的垂直勁度差異很大, 因此發生土建結構因垂直勁度陡變造成差異沉陷與軌道不平整的問題，尤其是柔性路堤與剛性橋梁之間。為了能滿足列車安全、舒適、與平穩，高鐵先進國家對結構漸變段設計規範之目標均為控制結構差異沉陷與垂直勁度變化，學術研究也多以分析結構漸變段的動態反應為主，然而影響結構漸變段功能的真因並非規範問題，而是結構漸變段路基層的問題，也就是大地工程相關的調查、設計、施工、與維護並未充分考量。本文依數據分析橋梁/路堤與路堤/路塹等二類結構漸變段振動與差異沉陷空間分佈特色，再從大地工程的觀點探討原因、影響、與有效的改善工法。

英文摘要

Three major reasons affecting railway structure transition zone problems, which are the differential settlement, stiffness variation, and geotechnical/construction issues. Transition zones in railway are the locations of embankment with considerable changes in the vertical stiffness near bridges, culverts and tunnels. In such locations, the stiffness variation and the differential settlement result in amplification of the dynamic track forces and ultimately resulting in deterioration of the vertical track geometry. The paper presents the performance assessment based on site monitoring data, including vibration measurements, moisture, and settlement of the transition zones particularly near the bridge abutment and the cutting. The findings in this study are that the foundation of the wedge shaped backfill in transition zone play the critical role to the performance of the transition zone. QS1 (poor soil with high fine content) type material is not adequate as the foundation material. Water infiltration from track level or from original ground level will cause shallow mud pumping for cutting and deep mud pumping for embankment respectively that will result in local settlement and affect the track geometry in consequence.

英文篇名

Application of Small-Strain Elastic-Plastic Model in Deep Excavation Analysis of MRT Station

作者

李宇軒、張荐宇、諶家瑞、蔡淵堯、歐章煜

關鍵字

PLAXIS、HS model、HSS model、小應變、深開挖

摘要

近年都會區發展越來越快速，大型工程日益增加，除了工區內需確保施工安全外，周遭鄰房也須受到保護避免破壞，因此施工前數值模擬分析的使用率逐漸提高，但必須謹慎選用分析模式以及參數才可設計出合理的地下結構系統。本文將選取數個深開挖工程案例使用有限元素軟體PLAXIS進行分析，探討軟弱黏土採用硬化土壤模式(hardening soil model, HS model)與小應變硬化土壤模式(hardening soil small-strain model, HSS model)兩者分析結果差異，以及統整出HSS model之小應變參數關係。最後應用於臺北捷運環狀線北環段之某一車站之開挖分析，並初步探討其對鄰房之影響。

英文摘要

In recent years, the metropolitan area has developed rapidly, and transport megaprojects grow significantly. In addition to ensuring construction safety in the construction area, the surrounding adjacent building must also be protected from damage. Therefore, the utilization of numerical simulation analysis before construction is getting more common, but the input parameters must be carefully evaluated in order to obtain a proper underground structure design. In this paper, several well-monitored deep excavation engineering cases were analyzed by the finite element software PLAXIS to study the differences between the hardening soil model (HS model) and the hardening soil small-strain model (HSS model), and the input parameters for small strain properties in HSS model were discussed as well. In the end, HSS model was applied to the deep excavation analysis of a certain Taipei MRT station, and its construction impact on adjacent buildings was preliminarily discussed.

英文篇名

Discussion on Trial Grouting Results, and Design of Soil Improvement Measures Against Liquefaction for Existing Bridge’s Shallow Foundation Site of Freeway

作者

林生發、游步上、鄭俊傑、李奕霆、郭國振、彭康瑜、張哲胤

關鍵字

震陷量、地中壁、剪力波速、超微細水泥

摘要

Existing pier foundation type is shallow foundation. Because this soil straturm has a high liquefaction potential, it is estimated that there is a risk of liquefaction and earthquake subsidence due to the seismic code. At the preliminary design stage, excessive reinforcement costs is uneconomical. Collected domestic and foreign ground improvement engineering cases and theoretical studies against liquefaction. Ground improvement of shallow foundation, only for those with Liquefaction Potential Index > 5 and the seismic subsidence is greater than the allowable value. It is saving about NT$2.3 billion. The underground wall is the first application for against liquefaction in Taiwan Freeway site M38B. It can limit the displacement derived from soil liquefaction. Some areas, such as abutments or the foundation is located at the ramp where it is difficult to construct the ground wall. Carry out the Double Packer grouting method of oblique grouting to improve the resistance to liquefaction . In addition, considering that the low-pressure grouting material has permanent properties and good permeability of micro-fine cement, the large-scale use of micro-fine cement is also the first application in Taiwan. In order to ensure the effectiveness of the construction work, the trial grouting operation was carried out before the construction. It is carried out to confirm the forming effect by the excavation of the ground improvement. This case is the largest scale of foundation against liquefaction in underground wall and micro-fine cement low-pressure grouting.

英文摘要

Existing pier foundation type is shallow foundation. Because this soil straturm has a high liquefaction potential, it is estimated that there is a risk of liquefaction and earthquake subsidence due to the seismic code. At the preliminary design stage, excessive reinforcement costs is uneconomical. Collected domestic and foreign ground improvement engineering cases and theoretical studies against liquefaction. Ground improvement of shallow foundation, only for those with Liquefaction Potential Index > 5 and the seismic subsidence is greater than the allowable value. It is saving about NT$2.3 billion. The underground wall is the first application for against liquefaction in Taiwan Freeway site M38B. It can limit the displacement derived from soil liquefaction. Some areas, such as abutments or the foundation is located at the ramp where it is difficult to construct the ground wall. Carry out the Double Packer grouting method of oblique grouting to improve the resistance to liquefaction . In addition, considering that the low-pressure grouting material has permanent properties and good permeability of micro-fine cement, the large-scale use of micro-fine cement is also the first application in Taiwan. In order to ensure the effectiveness of the construction work, the trial grouting operation was carried out before the construction. It is carried out to confirm the forming effect by the excavation of the ground improvement. This case is the largest scale of foundation against liquefaction in underground wall and micro-fine cement low-pressure grouting.

作者

余明山

摘要

文隆博士出生於1952年，臺灣台北縣板橋鎮人，現為台灣國際造船公司董事長。
鄭董事長以大地工程師專業背景，深受「大地」寬大包容力的影響，以誠待人，為人謙和，任事積極，處事明快周延，加上極佳的溝通協調能力，勇於接受挑戰的膽識、魄力和智慧，一路走來歷經「產、官、學、研」不同領域的職場生涯，在所有崗位工作上，秉持存誠務實態度，殫精竭慮，全力以赴。人生不同階段的成就，對於國內工程技術提升及產業發展，都具影響深遠且有開創性的貢獻。
地工技術雜誌「薪傳」專欄有幸專訪鄭董事長，期能將他豐富有價值的工作經驗與深刻閱歷做一個傳承，提供後輩可由其風範中學習成長。

作者

王世章、林煒僑、陳又誠

摘要

南京三民站向北連接六十年代民生社區圓環，此區是全國第一個採集體重劃、聯合開發方式的美式示範社區。以都市鄉村化目標興建的社區內，里里有公園處處有綠地，道路人行道及中隔島均植有喬木。車站往南則通往以二十四小時營業著稱的新興商業城及新開闢貫通東西向的市民大道。車站東側為高架快速道路聯結南港新設置的經貿園區及軟體園區，西向則通往傳統的金融辦公商圈。由此可知南京三民站為四個開發性質及開發年代完全不同區域的交點，也可說是通往四個不同區域的門戶。

作者

李佳翰、詹佩臻

摘要

作者

王景平、葉家志

摘要