作者

林美聆

摘要

1999年9月21日集集大地震以高達7.6的規模，在台灣中部地區造成了重大災害，死亡及失蹤人數高逾兩千人，而所造成之各類破壞及財產損失更是巨大。在大地工程領域，中部災區發生了兩萬多處的坡地災害，多處土壤液化災害，及多項地工構造物的損毀。在地震後，大地工程界同仁積極投入參與各項勘災及復建工作，而耐震規範也有適時的修訂。然而地震所造成的各項地工課題，實需長期投注及進一步加以探討。今年恰逢九二一地震的十週年，地工技術特別出版了十週年紀念的專刊，我們應該不忘地震所造成之災害與震撼，也藉此機會檢視在這十年來，地工界在地震領域所做的努力與進步，同時期許對於位處於環太平洋地震帶的我們，能對未來地工構造與環境之受震反應有更進一步的瞭解，以建構更安全合宜的生活環境。
本期專刊內容主要以九二一地震時之各項地工災害問題著眼，並邀請專家學者與有關單位撰寫相關課題。內容包含林美聆教授之坡地受震分析、水利署所提供之水資源設施減災、黃俊鴻教授之隧道震損、黃安斌教授之中部粉土液化、褚炳麟教授之霧峰土壤液化、翁作新教授之土壤液化與樁互制、林三賢教授之側向滑移與樁基礎、及黃景川教授之路堤與擋土牆；內容涵蓋了在大地地震工程領域中之各項重要課題，在此也向各位撰稿人在百忙之中撥冗撰寫文稿，使得專刊能夠順利完成，致上最高敬意與感謝。
本期專刊編纂期間，恰逢莫拉克颱風重創台灣，造成七百人失蹤及死亡的慘重災情，為台灣有史以來颱風災情傷亡之最，也受到大家的關切。因此特別邀請國家災害防救科技中心提供莫拉克颱風災情初步報告，以使地工界能對於本次災害有所瞭解。對於災害防救科技中心同仁及 陳亮全主任於處於颱風後各項繁忙事務中，仍提供報告文稿，特別表達敬意與謝意。
此外，本期亦收錄由黃建霖等三位先生合撰之水泥噴凝植生敷蓋技術在混凝土陡坡之應用研究及林士誠等四位先生合撰之柱狀式地盤改良引致連續壁變位之探討兩篇文章為本專輯增色不少。

作者

陳亮全

摘要

承林美聆總編輯之邀，希望於此期「921地震十週年回顧」專輯中撰寫贈言，深感榮幸。
十年前台灣中部發生規模M7.3的集集地震，不但造成近2500人死亡、失蹤，八萬多間建屋全倒或半倒，以及超出百萬美金的直接損失，而且地震引發了草嶺、九份二山以及中橫沿線等多處的大規模山崩、地滑，強烈的震動導致大量岩石龜裂、鬆動，更成為日後每逢颱風、豪雨，就會頻頻發生土石流或山崩的主要原因；地震與坡地災害的關係，以及由此突顯出來大地工程的重要性，在集集地震十週年的今天，再次提醒吾人應予重視。
而今（2009）年8月6日~8月10日侵台的莫拉克（Morakot）颱風，挾帶著超出百毫米的時雨量，最大累積總雨量近3000毫米的極端降雨，重創了台灣；造成約700人死亡或失蹤、中南部與台東縣廣大地區嚴重淹水、引發大規模坡地崩塌與土石流等多樣災情，進而導致道路橋樑、維生管線、學校等公共設施，以及農林漁牧業大量受損，直接損失金額超出一百六十億新台幣，成為繼921震災之後，又一次直擊台灣社會的巨大災害（catastrophe disaster）。
本次颱風之所以會造成如此慘重人員傷亡的主要原因乃在於包括土石流與土石崩塌的大規模坡地災害；或由於如前所述的極端降雨，才導致大量崩落的土石在極短時間內淹埋整個村落及其居民的慘劇。但無可諱言的是921地震與本次莫拉克颱風所引發的大規模坡地災害的防治，尤其是在氣候變遷日益顯現趨勢下，已是今後台灣災害防救工作無法迴避、極為重要的課題。針對此一重大課題，除了如何對本次多處重大坡地災害的成因及其形成機制進行調查、分析，來檢證既有大地工程的理論與技術之外，尚必須針對以下兩項議題進行更深入的探討與強化：
1. 坡地，尤其是台灣島上十分複雜的地形、地質結構與氣象及降雨特性，或是河川水文的關聯性，並因而形成災害的因果關係等。
2. 超出大地工程防治標準的巨大坡地災害的防救，亦即軟體的坡地災害管理手法，例如災害資料庫的建置、災害潛勢或脆弱度地圖的繪製，甚至坡地災害高風險地區的土地使用規範或防救災體系、運作機制。
換言之，今後坡地的防救災或大地工程的施作，要有更進一層的改善或水準提升之關鍵在於「跨領域 （interdisciplinary）」的研發與實務運作；更精確來說，未來坡地或大地工程的研發與實務必需重視跨硬體與軟體的課題，同時其推動與落實也必須採用跨領域，以及邀請不同專長人士共同參與的整合型方式來進行，才能達成探討前述議題的目標，也才能面對未來可能更頻繁、不確定性更高之巨大災害的挑戰。

英文篇名

The Threshold Conditions of Landslide Induced by Chi-Chi Earthquake

作者

林美聆、黃紀禎、高贈智、王國隆

關鍵字

集集地震、坡地破壞、尖峰加速度、邊坡位移量、門檻條件

摘要

921集集大地震對中部地區造成嚴重的坡地破壞，依據農委會水保局(2000)的崩塌地判釋結果顯示，地震所造成的崩塌地逾兩萬多處，由國家地震中心(1999)所支持的大地工程震災現地調查亦登錄了436處的坡地破壞資料庫；由衛星資料更新邊坡災害處數多逾三萬處，由三萬處坡地災害分析發現最低門檻尖峰水平加速度約為100 gal。
邊坡受震行為相當複雜，其滑動行為可由滑動位移量加以定義，可採分析法主要為滑動塊體分析法及數值分析法。近年常用滑動塊體分析法，其利用位移量評估邊坡受震行為較為合理，但常假設為無限邊坡破壞或平面破壞，與實際破壞面有所差異，故本研究針對對數螺線破壞面加以推求，並推導出受震時之位移量。本研究亦比較各法不同破壞面的位置，發現當邊坡產生坡趾破壞，各分析法破壞面較為接近，由此定出滑動塊體法適用範圍。在此範圍內比較滑動塊體法與數值方法坡趾位移量，發現兩者之滑動行為相似，且滑動塊體法在坡角低於60度之情形可得不錯之結果。
本研究選取衛星影像及航空照片判識釋及現地坡地破壞案例，進行邊坡受震位移分析，研究發現除了少數案例為5~10公分以外，其餘均遠大於10公分。依據分析結果建議在降伏加速度係數khy/khmax小於0.5時，以10公分為邊坡受震而發生滑動破壞的門檻條件。

英文摘要

The Chi-Chi earthquake induced severe landslides in central Taiwan. The Soil and Water Conservation Bureau (2000), identified were more than 20,000 cases of variations based on the SPOT satellite images and aerial photos. The field investigation of geotechnical hazard supported by National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering also documented 436 landslides. The number of landslides updated from satellite images is more than 30,000 cases. The threshold peak ground horizontal acceleration from the documented cases is approximately 100gal.
The slope behavior subjected to seismic loading is very complicated. The sliding behavior can be defined from sliding displacement and methods for dynamic slope analyses are mainly sliding-block analysis and numerical analysis. The sliding-block analysis using plane failure or infinite slope failure is often adopted in recent years. However, uniform slopes subjected to earthquake are likely to induce non-planar shear surface, in this study log-spiral failure surface is used to derive displacement of slope under seismic loading. Comparing the failure surfaces formed by different methods, it was found that the failure surfaces were very similar when failure surface is limited to toe failure. Accordingly, the proper range for sliding-block analysis is proposed. Within the range, the sliding-block behavior is fairly consistent with results of numerical analysis. Results of this study indicated that sliding-block analysis would provide reasonably good results when slope angle is smaller than 60°.
Landslide cases were selected from satellite images/aerial photos identified variations and ground-based investigation to perform landslide displacement analysis. Results of the analysis suggested that most displacements were larger than 10cm except some cases with 5~10cm. It is proposed that the threshold conditions of yield acceleration ratio of smaller than 0.5 and a toe displacement of 10 cm would be appropriate for defining landslide failure caused by the Chi-Chi earthquake.

英文篇名

The Seismic Rehabilitation for Water Supply Facilities

作者

楊偉甫、賴建信

關鍵字

921大地震、水資源設施、復建

摘要

921大地震重創台灣中部地區，災後所採行之一系列緊急措施，奠定日後迅速復建良好基礎，其經驗頗具參考價值，本文綜述震災對水資源設施安全與營運之影響，蒐集921震災期間水資源設施災情，並歸納主要災損樣態及當時減災處置，檢討水資源設施因應地震風險管理應有之作為。

英文摘要

The hydraulic facilities in central Taiwan suffered from the severest damages in decades after the strike of the 921 Earthquake. Observably take the remedy measures to vitalize and prevent damages as soon as possible would make the rehabilitation well done. In order to prevent secondary damages and mitigate the possible damages in the future, this project reviewed the water supply facilities and the damages to hydraulic facilities after the 921 earthquake were investigated. The possible secondary damages and their remedies were proposed. As for the completed, a complete review and feasible rehabilitation measures were proposed, especially for those severely damaged rivers. Finally, a hazard mitigation, preparation and rehabilitation plan was recommended to minimize the probable damages to hydraulic facilities after future earthquakes.

英文篇名

Seismic Damage Analysis of New Sanyi Railway Tunnel Using a Nonlinear MCSRD Method

作者

盧志杰、黃俊鴻

關鍵字

新三義隧道、集集地震、強制變形法、非線性

摘要

新三義隧道是以新奧工法(New Austrian Tunnelling Method, NATM)施作的鐵路隧道。該隧道在開放通車一年後即遭遇921集集地震，使隧道的結構體受到嚴重的損害，也讓工程師必需重新檢討NATM隧道在地震時的安全性。針對此課題，本研究首先提出一套可模擬地下結構物在地震動作用過程中，岩盤與結構物的非線性互制行為的改良強制變形法。再將此方法用於分析新三義隧道受震損害的行為，檢討NATM隧道中二次襯砌在地震過程的受力機制與配筋補強之必要性。最後依據分析結果建議二次襯砌配筋補強之依據，供工程界參考應用。

英文摘要

On 21 September 1999, the new Sanyi railway tunnel in central Taiwan was seriously damaged by Chi-Chi earthquake. The tunnel was designed and excavated by NATM. It had just been in operation for about one year at that time. For clarifying the damage mechanism, this study proposed a non-linear modified cross section racking deformation method (MCSRD) to analyze the seismic behavior of the NATM-built tunnel. The nonlinear MCSRD method fully considers the nonlinear soil structure interaction between tunnel and surrounding ground. Based on the analysis results, the simulated damage pattern of the tunnel agreed well with the field damage condition. Besides the bad geological factor, the results indicated the bad geometry of the tunnel and the unreinforced second lining were the main causes that may damage the tunnel during earthquake. The results also showed that the second lining substantially sustained seismic loading and the seismic capacity of the lining could be largely increased when the amount of reinforcement of the second lining is over a threshold value. Thus, second lining of the NATM tunnel should be suitably reinforced in a seismically active area.

英文篇名

Cyclic Behavior of the Silt/Sand Soils in Central Western Taiwan－Summary of a Ten Year Study

作者

黃安斌

關鍵字

砂土、細料、動態行為、土壤液化、圓錐貫入試驗

摘要

台灣中西部土壤中其細料（通過200號篩之土壤材料）含量經常大於50%，為避免名稱上之混淆以粉砂土（silt/sand soils）相稱。塑性或非塑性細料對粉砂土工程性質之影響，尤其是液化行為之影響在過去半世紀一直是大地工程界研究的對象。1999年9月21日之集集地震使得台灣中西部地區此類土壤發生明顯的土壤液化現象，也提供了一個難得的機會來研究粉砂土壤之液化行為。作者在過去十年間針對麥寮、員林與高雄地區之粉砂土做一系列之室內試驗，包括動、靜態三軸試驗以及圓錐貫入試驗(CPT)之標定，現地非擾動試體鑽取及CPT試驗。結果顯示，受土層地質背景與顆粒特性之影響，台灣中西部粉砂土動態行為與許多現有文獻中所敘述之行為模式有明顯差異。現有液化潛能分析方法/程序必須做必要之修正或標定。本文將此期間研究之成果與心得做一報告。

英文摘要

Fines (particles passing #200 sieve) contents of the soils in Central Western Taiwan often exceed 50%. To avoid confusion in terminology, they will be referred to as the silt/sand soils. The effects of non or plastic fines on the behavior of silt/sand soils especially in terms of cyclic strength have been studied by geotechnical profession for the past half century. The Chi Chi Earthquake of September 21, 2009 triggered extensive liquefaction of silt/sand soils in Central Western Taiwan. The occurrence offered unique opportunities to study the soil behavior related to liquefaction in this region. The author performed laboratory tests, including static/cyclic triaxial tests and cone penetration tests (CPT) in a calibration chamber, as well as field CPT and taking undisturbed silt/sand soil samples, in the past decade. The results show that there are significant differences in soil behavior between the silt/sand soils typically found in Central Western Taiwan and those reported in literatures. The procedures currently used for liquefaction potential assessment and evaluating the effects of fines on soil behavior in this region need to be revised accordingly. The paper summarizes results of studies performed by the author.

英文篇名

Liquefaction Induced Ground Failures at Wu Feng Caused by Chi-Chi Earthquake

作者

褚炳麟、李維峰、鄭世豪、陳正興

關鍵字

集集地震、強地動、土壤液化、地理資訊系統、地盤災

摘要

921集集地震期間，台中縣霧峰地區因接近車籠埔斷層錯動帶，地表震動強烈，復因霧峰地區特殊的地質條件，發生嚴重土壤液化災害，極具研究價值。作者藉由地質與地震資料蒐集，以及詳盡的災害調查，透過地理資訊系統程式，分析檢討霧峰地區土壤液化災害原因與災害分佈特性。文中將依霧峰地區之地質特性和近斷層運動特徵的描述、災後之勘查和沉陷量測結果，探討強震引致大規模地盤災害的特性，冀能增進大地工程界對強地動引致之土壤液化機制與災害影響範圍的瞭解。

英文摘要

During the 1999 Chi-Chi Earthquake, a site named Wu-Feng very close to the fault rupture in central Taiwan has suffered serious damages caused by soil liquefaction induced ground failures. Detailed case study of Wu-Feng is reported in this paper in an effort to investigate both failure causes and damage types. The authors first present soil condition and characterization of the near fault strong ground motion of Wu-Feng. Secondly, both reconnaissance and surveyed results of liquefaction induced ground failures are presented. Finally conclusions on factors that possibly contribute to such extensive ground failures and future research suggestions are provided. Progress of presented study is hopefully to improve our understanding on liquefaction induced ground failures caused by strong ground motions.

英文篇名

Shaking Table Tests for Soil Liquefaction and Pile-soil Interaction

作者

翁作新、陳家漢

關鍵字

振動台、地震、砂土、土壤液化、樁土互制

摘要

為探討地震時，砂土之受振反應以及樁土互制作用行為，在國家地震工程研究中心，將純淨越南砂及模型樁置於大型二維多層剪力試驗盒(1.88 m×1.88 m×1.52 m)中，進行物理模型多向振動試驗。模型樁由不銹鋼管及鋁合金管所製成，其底固定於剪力盒，樁頂並有不同質量之加載。振動台施加之振動，包括一維及二維不同振幅與頻率之正弦波加速度以及地震記錄加速度。試驗結果顯示：砂土孔隙水壓之激發，在二維多向振動下，比單向振動作用時為大，亦即比較容易發生液化。而只有在液化發生時，砂土試體才有顯著的沉陷。考量液化層深度，液化後之體積應變，隨砂土相對密度之增加而減小，隨振動延時之增長而增加，但不受振動大小、頻率及振動方向的影響。砂土中模型樁受振反應，則受砂土及模型樁整體振動特性與其相互關係之影響。

英文摘要

Physical model tests using a large biaxial laminar shear box (1.880 m×1.880 m×1.520 m) on the shaking table at the National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering (NCREE), Taiwan were conducted to study the liquefaction behavior of saturated sand under one- and multi-directional earthquake shakings. Model piles made of steel and aluminum pipes with various masses on their tops were also placed inside the shear box to evaluate the pile performances and soil-pile interaction in liquefiable sand under shakings. Specimens of clean Vietnam silica sand and Mailiao silty sand were prepared using specially designed pluviators. The input shakings included sinusoidal and recorded earthquake accelerations. The test results showed that the induced excess pore water pressures during a multidirectional shaking were substantially higher than those generated under one-dimensional shaking of the same magnitude of acceleration. Significant settlements occurred only when there was liquefaction of the soil. Volumetric strain after liquefaction decreases with relative density of the sand regardless of the shaking amplitude, frequency and direction (one- or multi-directional shaking). The performances of the model piles and soil-pile interactions for liquefied and non-liquefied soil conditions were studied and the effect of the constraint of soil on the pile behavior under shaking was evaluated.

英文篇名

Analysis for Ground Lateral Spreading on Pile Foundation

作者

林三賢、張德文、盧之偉

關鍵字

側向滑移、藕合方法、非藕合方法、樁基礎

摘要

文內介紹三位作者於九二一大地震後針對首揭題目之研究進度，採用分析方法分為耦合(Coupled)與非耦合(De-coupled)方法。後者，地盤自由場運動與樁基行為採分離分析方式。土壤參數折減、孔隙水壓效應、直接與間接土壓力法等，均可用來處理地盤側向變位或對基樁造成土壓力大小之預估。樁/土效應，則以梁在溫氏基礎方式處理。至於藕合方法，則採用三維有限元素法分析，則地盤受震後之變位乃至開始液化至液化後之行為均可及時模擬預測。地盤與樁基之互制效應則同時同步分析。

英文摘要

This paper reports some recent local research progress on performance of pile foundation due to ground lateral spreading by using numerical analysis.Interaction between lateral spreading ground and pile foundation is treated by using sophisticated coupling analysis and by using simplified decoupled analysis. For the latter analysis, free field response and pile performance are treated separately in the analysis. Soil parameter reduction , pore water pressure generating model, direct earth pressure and indirect earth pressure approaches are used for lateral ground deformation or earth pressure estimation. For coupling analysis, 3-diemnsional finite element method is adopted in simulating behavior of liquefied soil from initial liquefaction stage to post liquefaction stage. A soil constitutive model considering dynamic stress- strain behavior is used. Ground post liquefaction behavior is numerically simulated by using consolidation concept. Available centrifuge tested examples and real field cases are studied by the aforementioned decoupled and coupled methods. Agreement between the predicted and measured results is compared and discussed in the paper.

英文篇名

Minimizing Earthquake-Induced Damage of Geotechnical Structures Via Enhanced Design, Construction and Management

作者

黃景川

關鍵字

集集地震、大地構造物、耐震設計、功能規範、風險管

摘要

921集集地震後十年來，國內在大地構造物之耐震設計、施工技術及管理系統方面，進步並不明顯。原因之一為缺乏全國性之大地構造物耐震性能與災損合理化之推動策略。原因之二為大地震不常發生，容易忘記教訓。大地震具有雙重面相，一為防災觀念與技術革新之推動者；二為掩護公共工程品質瑕疵兼救災經費之代言。因此，大地震又被稱為‘慈善災害’(Charity hazard)。921地震後國內之大地構造耐震設計僅提高了輸入地震係數，缺乏相呼應之功能規範(Performance requirements)。全國之大地構造，如擋土牆、路堤、堤防等之興建與維修費用佔公共工程支出之重要部份，但國內缺乏一公正客觀之耐震新工法評估與推展之策略。大地構造物耐震性能低劣導致額外災害支出，係轉嫁全民負擔。國內之大地構造物新建及管理過程並無災害之風險管理制度，在災害治理預算編列與機關之防災績效管理合理化方面尚待大力提昇。

英文摘要

Post-earthquake studies on the failure mechanism of geotechnical structures, including soil retaining wall, highway embankments and levees, suggested that a nation-wide strategic program to enhance aseismic designs, construction techniques, regular inspection and retrofit, and risk management for geotechnical structures is necessary. The program is crucial to the minimization of earthquake-induced damage losses; it is also crucial to the rationalization of infrastructure and hazard mitigation budgets.

英文篇名

Disaster Survey of Morakot Typhoon

作者

國家災害防救科技中心

關鍵字

莫拉克颱風、淹水、土石流

摘要

莫拉克颱風於8月6日至8月10日侵台期間，不僅24小時降雨超過1,500毫米，山區總累積降雨更超過3,000毫米，造成中南部及台東地區嚴重淹水、河海堤潰決、坡地崩塌、土石流、居民房舍掩埋、沖毀、道路中斷、橋梁損毀等災害，農林漁牧損失超過164億元以上，並造成619人死亡及76人失蹤與多人受傷，是台灣氣象史上傷亡最慘重的侵台颱風。以下針對莫拉克颱風災害之颱風歷程與雨量分析、淹水災害以及坡地災害進行初步探討，以提供未來後續詳細災害調查參考。

英文摘要

This article is focusing on the progress and discussion on the disaster and the analysis of the precipitation for further estimation and investigation of Typhoon Morakot, Flood Disaster, Slope-land disaster. Morakot Typhoon attacked Taiwan during the days of August 6 to August 10 in 2009, which brought the worst record to the history of Meteorology in Taiwan. More than 1,500 minimeter of precipitation was collected in one day and more than 3,000 minimeter of the rainfall was accumulated in the mountainous area. The sudden flood, the severe disaster to landslide and debris flow ruined the bridges, roads, broke the transportation to the south east part and the east part of Taiwan of the damage of buildings buried, population with trauma and the casualty of 619 in addition with the loss of cash amount more than 164 billion of NT dollars from different industries of agriculture, timbers, and the farming.

英文篇名

A Study on the Application of Shotcrete Vegetation Mulching Technique to Steep Concrete Slopes

作者

黃建霖、范正成、楊文仁

關鍵字

水力敷蓋、水泥噴凝植生敷蓋技術、植生綠化

摘要

為克服傳統植生工法，植物無法在噴凝土陡坡生長，以及無法快速提升坡面抵抗沖刷能力的問題，本研究將水泥、土壤、綠化添加劑及草種，依特定的組成比例加以混合，以水力敷蓋的方式，於混凝土陡坡上進行噴植，以評估此技術對混凝土陡坡之植生綠化成效。由613水災可驗證，本研究所採用之水泥噴凝植生敷蓋技術(SVMT)，坡面於短時間內即有足以抵抗沖刷之能力，且可營造一個適合植物生長的環境。結果顯示，坡度愈陡，植物根系伸入深度愈淺，敷蓋綠化時間愈長。此外，本研究所採用的SVMT技術，所營造的生長環境，較適合根系短、匍匐佳及耐旱性高的草種成長。由於生長環境及根系發展的限制，使外來草種入侵不易，且可降低坡面的修整頻率及維護成本。

英文摘要

Traditional vegetation engineering methods fail to grow plants on steep concrete slopes and rapidly reach the desired resistance of slope surfaces against erosion. This study tries to tackle these problems by mixing cement, soil, greening additives and grass seeds at particular proportions, and spraying the mixture to steep concrete slopes by hydraulic mulching, so as to evaluate the effectiveness of this technique in the vegetation greening of steep concrete slopes. It has been validated by the 613 flooding in 2005 that the shotcrete vegetation mulching technique (SVMT) used in this study can provide the slopes with sufficient resistance to erosion within a short time and create an environment suitable for plant growth. It is shown that the steeper the slope, the shallower the roots will grow, and the longer it takes for mulch greening to be complete. The growing environment created by the SVMT of this study is suitable for grass species which have a shallow root system, extend by creeping and are highly drought-resistant. This growing environment and the limitation on development of the root system can deter the invasion of alien grass species, and reduce the frequency and cost of slope maintenance.

英文篇名

Study of Diaphragm Wall Displacement due to Column Type Ground Improvement

作者

林士誠、林宏達、郭晉榮、林永光

關鍵字

灌漿、外擠變位、深開挖、圓柱孔穴理論

摘要

本文為探討於軟弱黏土層深開挖進行柱狀地盤改良引致之連續壁外擠變位(outward displacement)及掌握其衍生之設計問題，乃蒐集三個不同地盤改良工法之監測案例來說明連續壁外擠變位行為，並應用FLAC-2D程式進行有地盤改良深開挖之整體數值模擬。經分析所得之結果顯示，開挖引致之連續壁變位分析應將前期灌漿引致之擠壓應力納入整體分析流程中，否則其結果會與現地行為完全不同。

英文摘要

This paper studies the outward diaphragm wall displacement of an excavation due to column type ground improvement and its implication on the related design problems. Three monitored field cases with different kind of ground improvement method are collected to study the outward displacement behavior. An analytical method using the computer FLAC is proposed in this paper for the quantification of this effect. Analytical results show that the analysis of diaphragm wall displacement due to excavation should take the prior jet grouting effects into account. Otherwise, the prediction may be totally wrong.

作者

蕭達鴻

摘要

性開朗、行事積極金永斌教授自民國52年進入AIT進修，民國54年取得碩士學位，一直在東南亞國家從事大地海洋工程，在獲得豐富實務經驗後，毅然決然於民國67年返國並至母校成功大學土木系作育英才，直至民國90年申請退休，24年任教培育許多工程人才服務社會，在成大期間金教授開設有基礎工程、高等基礎工程、基礎設計….等多門課程，對於成大土木系學生有許多啟蒙，任教期間並指導研究生(博碩士生)共57篇，無論在研究、教學、服務貢獻卓著，尤其實務工程教學使學生獲益良多，而其經驗傳承彌足珍貴。就其早年服務於石門水庫、成大工程中心等單位，以及東南亞海洋大地工程之磨練，知天命之年遠赴澳洲臥龍崗大學進修學位備極辛苦，其精神和勇氣實令吾後輩佩服，而金教授對於大地工程之熱情與不斷提攜後輩，榮獲薪傳獎應是實至名歸。

作者

俞清瀚

摘要

海峽兩岸地工技術/岩土工程交流研討會始自1992年北京，歷經台北(1993)，西安(1994)，上海(2002)，台北(2004)，及天津(2007)共六次，交流成果豐碩，深獲兩岸各界一致好評。
籌備年餘的「2009海峽兩岸地工技術/岩土工程交流研討會」，再度由財團法人地工技術研究發展基金會與中國建築業協會深基礎施工分會共同主辦，今年(2009)四月於春暖花開之際在台中市盛大舉行。本屆會議參加人數逾200位，其中大陸來訪專家、學者近60人為歷屆之最，同時亦有香港代表出席，係近年華人工程界之主要盛會，也驗證兩岸地工技術/岩土工程交流研討的日益密切及重要。
承襲歷次會議之籌備方式，本次會議主題及地點由台灣方決定，會議日期及內容則由雙方共同討論，在兩岸地工技術/岩土工程同道共同精心籌劃與熱情參與下，本屆研討會過程順利圓滿，成果多元豐碩，並獲得熱烈迴響。